叶维廉比较诗学中的古诗意象问题  

On the Imagery of Ancient Chinese Poetry in Wai⁃lim Yip’s Comparative Poetics

作　　者：刘亚斌[1] LIU Yabin(Zhejiang International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院

出　　处：《国际比较文学（中英文）》2023年第2期96-107,共12页International Comparative Literature

基　　金：浙江省高校重大人文攻关计划青年重点项目“东方表述的理论反思与汉学主义的重构”(项目编号:2018QN065)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：意象是中国传统诗学、美学研究的重要对象,而象征主义、意象派等西方现代诗歌在创作实践和诗学理论中都受到过中国古诗的影响,使得意象又成为比较诗学的热点话题。作为学者化的诗人和诗人化的学者,叶维廉是在中西方现代象征主义影响下从事诗歌创作的,且偏爱中国古诗、意象及其技巧方法,同时对意象派诗歌主将庞德的创作及其诗学观念进行过深入研究。意象被放置在中西方不同的语言系统,尤其是在语法比较的框架内思考与分析,其语法诗学及所倡导的文化“模子论”显露出结构主义的特征。与西方语法相比,汉语更具有灵活性,它决定了传统诗歌意象的空间性、静态化和视觉效果的运用,使诗作以自然物象的直接呈现而著称,区别于西方译作及其诗歌重时间、逻辑性、叙事化和各种人为的语法规定。实质上,中国古诗的意象拥有时间性,意在打破在地限制,穿越历史、横跨空间,在时空同一中表现人类普遍性的情感与精神诉求;在自身具足的意象所营构的情境中内含叙述者及其事件和行为,诗歌动静结合、虚实相生、景行统一,事件和行动又是读者进入诗歌审美世界、体悟意象和情志表现的阿里阿德涅线团;传统诗学虽然力图以意象来传情达意,但是同样会为意象造境和画面呈示,而不惜采用限定的连接词。就此而言,叶维廉的语法诗学要走向意象诗学,从传统文化角度廓清中国诗的特性和精义,呈现中国诗学的世界性价值。Imagery is an important subject in the study of Chinese traditional poetics and aesthetics.Meanwhile,in the writing practice and poetic theory of modern Western poetry,symbolism,imagism etc.have also been influenced by ancient Chinese poetry,which has made imagery a hot topic in comparative poetics again.As a scholarpoet,Wai-lim Yip writes poetry under the influence of modern symbolism in both China and the West,and has a preference for ancient Chinese poetry,its imagery and its techniques.At the same time,Wai-lim Yip makes a profound study of the poems and poetic ideas of Ezra Pound,who was the leader of the Imagist movement.Imagery is situated in different language systems in China and the West,especially within the framework of grammatical comparison.The poetics of grammar and the cultural“model”advocated by Yip reveal the characteristics of structuralism.The differences between Chinese and Western grammar demonstrate the flexibility of Chinese language,and the spatial,static and visual effects of poetic imagery are known for their direct presentation of natural phenomena,which differs from Western translations in emphasizing time,logic,narrative and various artificial grammatical rules.In fact,the imagery of Chinese poetry has temporality,aiming to break through the limitations of spatiality and locality,transcend history and space,and express the universal emotional and spiritual demands of humanity in the unity of time and space.The content created by self-contained images includes the narrator,events and behaviors.In ancient Chinese poetry,the combination of dynamic and static,the coexistence of virtuality and reality,the unity of scene and action are integrated.Meanwhile events and actions are Ariadne’s thread for readers to enter the aesthetic world and understand imagery and emotional expression in the poetic context.Although traditional poetics tries to convey feelings and meanings with imagery,it also uses finite conjunctions for creating scenes and presenting pictures.As a matter of fact,Wai-li

关 键 词：叶维廉 比较诗学 中国古诗 意象 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]