火星上升器发射技术综述  

Review on Research Status of Mars Ascent Vehicle’s Launching Technology

作　　者：张胜 唐晓峰 刘可平 曾远帆 储成龙 吴志亮 ZHANG Sheng;TANG Xiaofeng;LIU Keping;ZENG Yuanfan;CHU Chenglong;WU Zhiliang(Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201109,China;Aerospace System Engineering Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海机电工程研究所,上海201109 [2]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《空天防御》2023年第3期66-76,共11页Air & Space Defense

摘　　要：火星作为太阳系中与地球最为类似的行星,其表面可能存在生命的迹象。尽管现有探测机器人能够在火星表面进行较大范围勘察,但科学家仍无法像在地球上一样利用大型先进设备对样品进行更深入的研究与分析,因此火星采样后返回地球任务具有非常重要的意义和科学价值。火星表面数十公里厚且不稳定的大气环境,使得将装有火星样品的上升器安全、稳定地从火星表面送至轨道器的任务十分具有挑战性。火星上升器发射技术是火星采样返回任务中的关键技术,关系到任务的成败。本文分析了国外火星上升器发射技术的发展现状,总结了已有各类发射方案的技术特点,以期为中国后续开展火星采样返回任务提供可参考的火星上升器发射技术方案。Mars,a terrestrial planet which most closely resembles Earth in the solar system,may have signs of life.Although existing exploration robots can conduct massive scientific investigations on Mars,they cannot replicate human scientists to study those samples in an Earth-based laboratory using advanced equipment.Therefore,the mission of Mars Sampling Return(MSR)has significant scientific value.Unlike the moon and other small bodies,the atmospheric environment on Mars is extremely unstable which challenges the task of sending the Mars Ascent Vehicle(MAV)with samples safely and stably from its surface to its orbiter.The MAV's launching technology is critical to the success of the mission.This paper has elaborated on the research status of MAV's launching technology and the technical characteristics of various existing launching methods,which could provide a reference for Chinese future Mars Sampling Return missions.

关 键 词：火星采样返回 火星上升器 发射技术 

分 类 号：V423.6[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]