数字孪生消防救援技术系统架构及关键技术分析  

Research on architecture and key technologies of fire rescue technology system based on digital twin

作　　者：陈长坤[1] 张健[1] 焦伟冰 陆童 CHEN Changkun;ZHANG Jian;JIAO Weibing;LU Tong(Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410018,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所,湖南长沙410018

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2023年第8期156-163,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3090400);湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划项目(2020SK2004)。

摘　　要：为提高消防救援人员安全保障能力,提升救援工作效率,综合运用新一代信息技术,将数字孪生技术应用到消防救援技术中。首先,分析消防救援人员在灭火救援过程中所面临的危险;然后,提出数字孪生消防救援技术的概念内涵,并分析数字孪生消防救援技术的特点,进而提出数字孪生消防救援技术的5层系统架构,以及适合救援过程的系统架构聚合和拓展方法;最后,明确数字孪生消防救援关键技术,主要包括高精度低时延移动定位技术、多层次多视图数字线程技术以及多维度救援数据驱动建模技术等。结果表明:数字孪生消防救援技术能够提高消防救援人员的安全保障能力和救援工作的效率。通过实时数据交互和信息融合,数字孪生消防救援技术全面集成孪生数据,为救援行动提供更精确的决策支持。数字孪生消防救援技术的5层系统架构及关键技术有效连接物理实体与虚拟实体,实现数字孪生体的聚合和拓展,可以为数字孪生消防救援的应用提供有力支撑。In order to enhance the safety and efficiency of fire rescue operations,this study strategically incorporated cutting-edge information technology and implemented digital twin technology within fire rescue procedures.The paper began by analyzing the hazards encountered by firefighting and rescue personnel during operations.It then introduced the concept and essence of digital twin fire rescue technology,outlining its distinctive characteristics.The 5-layer system architecture of digital twin fire rescue technology was presented,along with an explanation of the methods for aggregation and expansion of the system architecture suitable for rescue processes.The paper further highlighted key technologies of digital twin fire rescue,including mobile positioning technology,digital threading technology,and data-driven modeling technology.The findings demonstrate that the application of digital twin fire rescue technology has the potential to enhance the safety assurance ability of fire rescue personnel and improve the efficiency of rescue operations.By enabling real-time data exchange and information fusion,digital twin fire rescue technology achieves comprehensive integration of twin data,providing more precise decision-making support for rescue operations.The 5-layer system architecture and key technologies of digital twin fire rescue technology effectively establish a connection between physical and virtual entities,facilitating the aggregation and expansion of digital twins and offering robust support for the implementation of digital twin fire rescue.

关 键 词：数字孪生 消防救援 系统架构 关键技术 数据驱动 数据融合 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]