《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分对国家责任规则的 发展及中国因应  

The Development of State Responsibility Norms Under Part XI of UNCLOS and China’s Response

作　　者：刘春一 陈敬根[2] LIU Chunyi;CHEN Jinggen(Law School,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100081,China;Law School,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院,北京100081 [2]上海大学法学院,上海200444

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2023年第3期25-34,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金青年项目“习惯国际法在海洋法领域的新发展与中国的对策研究”(21CFX054)。

摘　　要：《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分确立了人类共同继承财产原则,表明国家责任规则的权利基础发生了变迁。以此为逻辑起点,从责任主体、责任构成及责任追偿三个方面探求《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分对国家责任规则的发展。在责任主体方面,《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分对国家的责任主体资格作出了限制,并在规定中引入承包者、担保国及国际海底管理局等作为责任的主体,这是因为权利主体的变动;在责任构成方面,《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分未以行为或后果进行归责,而是以行为和后果进行归责,原因在于责任功能定位的差异;在责任追偿方面,《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分将其限定为多边机制,而非传统国家责任的双边机制,其依据是人类共同继承财产原则超越了以主权国家为基本单元的传统国际法结构。《联合国海洋法公约》第十一部分的规定反映了国家责任规则的最新发展,应结合当前中国国情,主张审慎的责任构成标准,倡导拓展责任主体的范畴,支持国际海底区域的法治化,从而持续推进国家责任规则的发展和变革。Part XI of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)establishes the principle of the common heritage of mankind,indicating a shift in the foundation of rights underlying state responsibility norms.Taking this as the logical starting point,this article explores the development of state responsibility norms under Part XI of UNCLOS from three aspects:subjects of responsibility,standards of responsibility,and remedies for responsibility.Regarding the subjects of responsibility,Part XI introduces limitations on states as responsible entities,while incorporating contractors,sponsoring state and International Seabed Authority as responsible subjects.This shift is attributed to changes in the subjects of rights.Concerning the constitution of responsibility,Part XI of UNCLOS does not attribute responsibility based on unlawful conduct,nor does it attribute responsibility based on harmful consequences;responsibility is only incurred when both harmful consequences and unlawful conduct are present.This departure is due to differing conceptions of responsibility’s functional role.Concerning remedies for responsibility,Part XI confines them to a multilateral mechanism rather than the traditional bilateral mechanism of state responsibility,based on the principle of the common heritage of mankind transcends the traditional international law structure regarding sovereign states as fundamental units.The provisions of Part XI of UNCLOS reflect the latest development of state responsibility norms.It should be combined with the current situation of China,advocating prudent standards for establishing responsibility,expanding the scope of responsible subjects,and supporting the legalization of the international seabed area.In doing so,it promotes the development and transformation of state responsibility norms.

关 键 词：人类共同继承财产 国家责任规则 国际海底区域 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]