欧盟低碳燃料法规对中国航运业的影响及解困之道  

Impact of Low-Carbon Fuel Regulation of EU on Chinese Shipping Industry and Its Path of Solutions

作　　者：张丽英[1] 苗文卿 ZHANG Liying;MIAO Wenqing(International Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2023年第3期82-91,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金项目“‘一带一路’国际合作机制框架设计”(18VSJ050)。

摘　　要：碳减排在航运业中起步较晚,近年来才受到关注。虽然IMO已进行了航运碳减排安排,但因缺少操作性和惩罚性措施而效果欠佳。欧盟的航运碳减排措施远超IMO的航运碳减排安排。2023年7月23日,欧盟FuelEU Maritime法规正式出台,该立法从技术层面赋能国际航运碳减排,具有正面效应;但这一规则门槛高、实践性弱、合规义务分配不公,又可能引起绿色贸易壁垒和市场分层等负面效应。航运是跨国际、跨地区的复杂商业活动,立法、执法和政策支持等多维度措施共同推进将有利于平衡航运、碳减排与国际贸易之间的关系。中国有必要积极输出立法方案,推行分层履约机制,平衡技术性措施、营运性措施和市场性措施,敦促国际社会共同构建符合IMO航运碳减排框架的多元化减排机制,以应对贸易壁垒。Carbon emission reduction comes late in shipping industry and has only got attention in recent years.Although IMO has made arrangements for shipping carbon emission reduction,it is not very effective due to lack of operability and punitive measures.The arrangement of shipping carbon emission reduction made by EU,is far beyond that of IMO.FuelEU Maritime Regulation adopted on 25 July,2023,technically enables international shipping carbon emission reduction,which has a positive effect.However,the high threshold of rules,weak practicality,and unfair distribution of compliance obligations will lead to negative effects such as“Green Trade Barriers”and double-layer markets.Since shipping is a kind of international and inter-regional complex commercial activity,the promotion of multi-dimensional measures,such as legislation,enforcement and policy support etc.,will help to balance the relationship between shipping,carbon emission reduction and international trade.To break down trade barrier,it is necessary for China to actively output legislative proposals,establish a layered performance mechanism,balance technical measures,operational measures and market-based measures,and urge international community to construct a diversified shipping carbon emission reduction mechanism in line with the IMO framework.

关 键 词：碳排放 航运碳减排 IMO航运碳减排路径 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]