跨国环境侵权法律选择规则的中国进路:以气候变化民事诉讼为视角  

The Chinese Approach to Choice of Law Rules for Transnational Environmental Tort:From the Perspective of Climate Change Civil Litigation

作　　者：陈南睿 CHEN Nanrui(Department of International Law,China Foreign Affairs University,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际法系,北京100037

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2023年第3期103-112,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2023年度中央高校基本科研业务费一般项目“国际私法视域下跨国公司社会责任研究”(3162023ZYQB02)。

摘　　要：气候变化民事诉讼作为保障气候变化受害人合法利益、推动跨国公司切实履行气候变化环境责任的一种策略性手段,其数量正急速增长。而鉴于气候变化不利影响的跨国性,部分国家通过环境侵权法律选择规则确定准据法以认定具体责任。《涉外民事关系法律适用法》并未专门设置环境侵权法律选择规则,而一般侵权规则由于存在“侵权行为地”概念模糊、单方意思自治的缺位及最密切联系原则的空白等问题,也无法针对性调整该特殊事项。基于中国现状及域外经验观照,中国应单独设置环境侵权法律选择规则,具体规则设计应兼顾“人权保护”与“环境保护”的立法理念,允许当事人嗣后合意选择适用法院地法,附条件采用“侵权行为地”之单一含义,引入单方定向意思自治,并充分发挥例外条款的作用,最终实现“预防为主、损害担责”的环境保护目标。Climate change civil litigation,as a strategic means to protect the legitimate interests of climate change victims and promote multinational corporations to effectively fulfill their climate change environmental responsibilities,is rapidly increasing in number.Given the cross-border nature of the adverse effects of climate change,some countries determine the applicable law through choice of law rules for environmental tort to identify specific liabilities.Law on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relations does not specifically establish choice of law rules for environmental tort,and the general tort rules cannot be tailored to this special matter due to issues such as the vague concept of“locus delicti”,the absence of unilateral autonomy of will and the principle of the closest connection.Based on its current situation and foreign experience,China should set up a separate choice of law rule for environmental tort,taking into account the legislative concept of“human rights protection”and“environmental protection”,allowing the parties to choose to apply lex fori by consensus after environmental tort occur,conditionally adopting the single meaning of“locus delicti”,introducing unilateral directional autonomy of will,and fully utilizing the role of escape clauses,ultimately achieving the environmental protection goal of“prevention first and liability for damages”.

关 键 词：气候变化民事诉讼 环境侵权 法律选择 有利的法 意思自治 例外条款 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]