穗茎兼收鲜食玉米收获机割台自适应仿形系统研制  

Development of Adaptive Profiling System for Header of Fresh Corn Harvester which Reaping Both Corn Stalk and Spike

作　　者：张桐林[1] 翟学迪 高江永[1] 华荣江 唐遵峰 李军叶[1] ZHANG Tonglin;ZHAI Xuedi;GAO Jiangyong;HUA Rongjiang;TANG Zunfeng;LI Junye(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Menoble Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Modern Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083 [2]中机美诺科技股份有限公司,北京100083 [3]现代农装科技股份有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程》2023年第6期15-20,共6页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司国有资本金项目(GZ202016-06)。

摘　　要：为解决穗茎兼收鲜食玉米收获机割台仿形存在的问题,基于超声测距原理,研制了一种穗茎兼收鲜食玉米收获机的割台自适应仿形系统。该系统中,超声波测距传感器安装在割台分禾器前端,用于实时检测割台分禾器与地面高度差,将高度差信号传输至玉米收获机的中心控制终端,由控制终端发出相应调整指令,控制割台调整液压系统进行割台高度调整,实现玉米收获机在作业过程中的割台自适应仿形。以1台4行190kW穗茎兼收鲜食玉米收获机为样机,搭载所研制的割台自适应仿形系统,开展仿形系统验证试验,玉米收获机作业行走平均速度4km/h,割台转速400r/min,安装2个超声波测距传感器,割茬高度控制在90~110mm范围内,在累计作业8h的验证试验中,割台调整平稳,割台无触地现象,试验结果验证了割台自适应仿形系统的有效性。In order to solve problem of header profiling in fresh corn harvester which reaping both corn stalk and spike,an adaptive profiling system for header of fresh corn harvester was developed based on principle of ultrasonic ranging.In this system,ultrasonic ranging sensor was installed in the front end of header divider,which was used to detect height difference between header divider and ground in real time.Height difference signal was transmitted to central control terminal of corn harvester,which issued corresponding adjustment instruction,controlled header adjusting hydraulic system to adjust header height,and realized adaptive profiling of corn harvester's header during operation.The 190 kW four-line all-harvesting fresh food corn harvester was used as a prototype,and adaptive profiling system of header was carried out to verify profiling system.Average operating speed of corn harvester was 4 km/h,rotation speed of cutting table was 400 r/min,and stubble height was from 90 mm to110 mm.Test results showed that in whole process of 8 hours of cumulative operation,header adjustment was stable and there was no contact with the ground.Experimental results verified effectiveness of header adaptive profiling system.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米收获机 穗茎兼收 割台控制 割台仿形 自适应仿形 

分 类 号：S233.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]