细菌性阴道炎实验室诊断研究进展  

Advances in Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis

作　　者：王喆 赵颖[1] 徐英春[1] WANG Zhe;ZHAO Ying;XU Yingchun(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院检验科,北京100730

出　　处：《协和医学杂志》2023年第5期1053-1059,共7页Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

摘　　要：细菌性阴道炎(bacterial vaginosis, BV)是由阴道内正常产生过氧化氢的乳杆菌减少、厌氧菌(动弯杆菌、普雷沃氏菌)和兼性厌氧菌(阴道加德纳菌、阴道阿托波菌)过度繁殖导致的阴道微生态平衡失调,表现为混合感染。BV不仅与盆腔炎、不孕症、性传播病原体(人乳头瘤病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体等)感染风险增加相关,妊娠期合并BV还可能导致早期流产、早产、产后子宫内膜炎和新生儿低出生体重等不良妊娠结局。导致BV的病原体多样,且经治疗后复发率高。约10%-50%的BV患者无临床症状,易漏诊,而快速、准确的实验室检测能够对BV患者进行及时诊断和治疗、避免不良结局的发生。本文就BV的诊断标准、阴道微生态评价以及新型检测方法等研究进展作一综述,以期为BV的临床诊断和治疗提供借鉴和参考。Bacterial vaginosis(BV), an imbalance of normal vaginal microecology, is manifested as a mixed infection. It is characterized by a decrease of normal hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacillus and an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria(mobiluncus, prevotella) and facultative bacteria(gardnerella vaginalis, atopo vaginalis). BV is a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, sexually transmitted pathogens(human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, etc.) infection. In addition, BV during pregnancy can lead to adverse obstetrical outcomes, including early miscarriage, premature delivery, postpartum endometritis, and low birth weight. The pathogens causing BV are diverse and have a high recurrence rate after treatment. About 10% to 50% of BV patients have no clinical symptoms and are easy to miss diagnosis. Rapid and accurate laboratory detection can provide timely diagnosis and treatment for BV patients and avoid adverse outcomes. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of diagnostic criteria, vaginal microecological evaluation and novel detection methods for BV, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of BV.

关 键 词：细菌性阴道炎 实验室诊断 阴道微生态 

分 类 号：R711.31[医药卫生—妇产科学] S945.12[医药卫生—临床医学] R446.5[农业科学—水产养殖]