论我国国防专利转化利用及其制度完善——以“分级立项”制度构思为例  

On the Commercialization and Utilization of National Defense Patents in Chinaand the Improvement of the System: An Example ofthe Idea of "Graded Project Approval" System

作　　者：马忠法[1] 吴昱 Ma Zhongfa;Wu Yu(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2023年第18期91-100,共10页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA153);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AFX025);上海市教育委员会人文社科重大项目(2019-01-07-00-07-E00077)。

摘　　要：我国国防专利转化与运用制度在运行体系完善方面仍有较大提升空间,提升国防专利技术运用水平、提高国防专利技术转化效率已成为我国国民经济发展的重点突破方向。为有效解决国防专利实际转化利用过程中存在的体系封闭、信息获取成本高、资金来源单一等问题,应重新界定国防专利技术的含义,明确权利主体及财产权益归属,依据项目保密性要求从高到低设定不同路径,以分级立项制度促进军民融合项目落实,完善国防专利技术转化利用路径,提高转化利用效率。The essence of innovation-driven development in the context of market economy is to put science and technology in the first place of the social productivity system,and to seek a better way to release the economic value of scientific and technological innovation.As an important part of the Chinese innovation system,the innovation of national defense science and the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent technology are both the backbone of the development,commercialization and upgrading of national economy.It is also a powerful guarantee of a strong nation in science and technology.But it should be pointed out that there is still much room to improve the effective operation system of the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent system.To improve the utilization level and the commercialization efficiency of national defense,the patent technology has become the key breakthrough direction of national economic development.The goal of this paper is to find a feasible and practical way to solve the problems in the commercialization and utilization of national defense patents.Therefore,this study adopts the classical research method of law.First,it puts forward a new definition of“national defense patents”.Then,it combs through the existing commercialization and utilization system of national defense patent,including two-way closure of R&D system,serious waste of scientific research resources,and high barriers of information access,etc.Aiming at those problems,this study analyzes the causes from the institutional level,including the defects in the legal system,the ownership of property rights and the declassification system.Finally,it further points out the essence of these causes at the legal level,that is,the conflict between"public welfare"and"private rights".Meanwhile it tries to bring forward the improvement path from the actual situation.It is concluded that the core of improving the commercialization and utilization efficiency of national defense patent technology is to

关 键 词：国防专利 技术转化 分级立项制度 法益衡量 

分 类 号：E145.2[军事—军事理论]