当行本色与兼陈正变:明代词论基本范畴蠡探  

Natural Characters with Professionalism and Dialectical Statements about Orthodox and Variation:The Exploration on Basic Categories of Ci Theories in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：彭志 PENG Zhi(Research Institute of Chinese Culture,Chinese National Academy of Arts,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院中国文化研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期74-84,共11页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学青年项目(21CF188);中国艺术研究院基本科研业务费院级学术研究项目(2022-1-19)。

摘　　要：“本色”与“正变”作为中国古代词论中的重要审美范畴,在两宋金元之时已有不少论述,是明代词论中同类命题有关思想表达的来源。以本色论词是明代词论之中的重要话题,相应阐论或从体性角度切入,或从风格角度切入,或极力维护、凸显词之本色观,或勉力消解、修正词之本色论。明人对词之正变亦多有关注,张綖等持论词应以婉约为正宗,王世贞等人倡导崇正抑变观,卓人月等人不以正变作为判断词之优劣的标准。本色、正变之间亦有关联,其演化的大宗是由对词之本色的诠解渐渐生发出以婉约为正、以豪放为变的正变之论。明人对本色及正变的阐发,深刻影响了清代词论对相关话题的论述,并为清人最终廓清相关议题提供镜鉴,这即是明代词论之本色及正变观在千年词学史中的应有位置与重要贡献。As a pair of important aesthetic categories in ancient Ci theories,“natural character”and“orthodox and variation”had been extensively discussed during the Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties,serving as source of ideological expression related to similar propositions in Ci theories of the Ming dynasty.The discussion of Ci based on“natural character”was an important topic in Ci theories of the Ming dynasty,and corresponding explanations were either from the perspective of feature and style,or strove to maintain and highlight the“natural character”of Ci,or strove to dispel and correct the“natural character”of Ci.People of the Ming dynasty had a lot of attention to“orthodox and variation”of Ci,for example,Zhang Yan and oth⁃ers argued that it should be based on gracious Ci as orthodox,Wang Shizhen and others advocated concept of upholding orthodoxy but lowering variants,Zhuo Renyue and others did not use“orthodox and variation”as standard for judging quality of Ci.There was also a correlation between“natural character”and“ortho⁃dox and variation”,and bulk of its evolution was gradually derived from interpretation of“natural charac⁃ter”,which leaded to theory of gracious Ci as orthodox and bold Ci as variation.The Ming dynasty’s eluci⁃dation of“natural character”and“orthodox and variation”deeply influenced discussion of related topics in the Qing dynasty’s Ci theory,and provided a mirror for the Qing dynasty’s ultimate clarification of related issues.This was the due position and important contribution of“natural character”and“orthodox and varia⁃tion”of the Ming dynasty’s Ci theory in the millennium history of Ci studies.

关 键 词：明代词论 本色 正变 词学史 

分 类 号：I207.23[文学—中国文学]