性别视角下日本女性贫困考察:群体构成、产生原因与应对策略  

Female Poverty in Japan from the Perspective of Gender:Group Composition,Causes,and Coping Strategy

作　　者：李征 LI Zheng(Institute of Japan Studies,Liaoning University,Shenyang,Liaoning,100136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学日本研究所,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2023年第3期9-21,共13页Japanese Research

基　　金：The Sumitomo Foundation Fiscal Year 2021 Grant For Japan-Related Research Projects Japan’s Digital Economy,Labor Market and Policy Options(21801003)。

摘　　要：平成30年间,日本女性贫困呈恶化趋势,年轻单身女性、单亲女性(单身妈妈)及单身老年女性构成女性主要贫困群体,前者贫困率超过30%,后两者均超过50%,远高于日本平均水平。女性贫困原因在于传统性别分工依然根深蒂固,职场制度性压迫与性别不平等心理仍然较强。因就业环境不友好,贫困女性在职场中处于不利地位,多从事薪金少、待遇低的非正式雇佣工作。30年来,日本家庭规模逐渐缩小,家庭功能弱化,以婚姻关系为基础的社会保障体系落后于时代,特别是“单身社会”的到来实际上加剧了女性贫困。日本政府为解决女性贫困推出了一系列如男女平权、促进职场女性活跃、育儿扶持等政策措施,不过从效果看乏善可陈。During the 30 years of Heisei,the poverty of Japanese women worsened.Young single women,single parent women(single mothers)and single elderly women constitute the main poverty groups of women.The poverty rate of the former exceeds 30%,and the latter two exceed 50%,far higher than the average level in Japan.The reason for women's poverty is that the traditional gender division of labor is still deeply rooted,and the institutional oppression and gender inequality in the workplace are still strong.Due to the unfriendly employment environment,poor women are in a disadvantageous position in the workplace.They are mostly engaged in informal employment with low wages and poor benefits.Over the past 30 years,the size of Japanese families has gradually shrunk and their functions have weakened.The social security system based on marriage relations has lagged behind the times.In particular,the arrival of the“single society”has actually exacerbated women's poverty.The Japanese government has launched a series of policies and measures to solve women's poverty,such as equal rights for men and women,promotion of women's participation in the workplace,and childcare support,but the effect is not as good as expected.

关 键 词：日本女性 非正式雇佣 贫困 收入 就业 家庭 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]