政府转移支付对居民收入再分配效应的研究——基于相对贫困和地区差异的视角  

Research on the Redistribution Effect of Government Transfer Payments on Household Income:Perspectives Based on Relative Poverty and Regional Disparities

作　　者：方向明[1] 金吴文浩 FANG Xiangming;JIN Wuwenhao(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《财经理论与实践》2023年第5期59-67,共9页The Theory and Practice of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AJL015);中央农办农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题(rkx20210602)。

摘　　要：依据中国家庭金融调查2015年、2017年、2019年三期数据,运用MT指数测算政府转移支付对全国及各地区居民收入再分配效应,并探讨纳入养老金后的政府转移支付对居民收入再分配效应的影响。结果表明:从全国层面看,政府转移支付降低了居民整体、城镇内部、农村内部收入不平等程度,三期分别平均下降2.58%、0.64%、1.15%,且有利于缩小城乡收入差距,但存在地区差异。从贫困异质性看,政府转移支付缩小了贫困家庭与非贫困家庭间的收入不平等,且政府转移支付对于贫困家庭收入的重要性超过非贫困家庭。纳入养老金后的政府转移支付虽然可以降低城镇内部与农村内部的收入不平等程度,但强度有所减弱。并且加入养老金后使城乡间收入差距扩大,因此,逐步缩小城乡间养老保险的待遇差距成为公平可持续的重要举措。基于此,应改善政府转移支付质量,加大对弱势群体的财政转移支付力度,重点提升多维贫困家庭的人力资本,探索建立全民统一的养老金制度。Based on the data of the China Household Finance Survey in 2015,2017 and 2019,the MT index is used to estimate the effect of government transfer payments on the income redistribution of the whole country and regions,and the influence of government transfer payments on the residents’income redistribution effect after the inclusion of pension is further discussed.The results show that:from the national level,the government transfer payment reduces the income inequality of all the residents,in urban and ural areas,respectively by 2.58%,0.64%and 1.15%on average in the three periods,and is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas,but there are regional differences.From the perspective of poverty heterogeneity,the effect of government transfer payment on reducing the income gap of multi-dimensional poor families is significantly greater than that of non-multi-dimensional poor families.Government transfer payments which is incorporated into pensions can still reduce the degree and intensity of income inequality in urban and rural areas.However,the income gap between urban and rural areas widened after the inclusion of pension,and there were regional differences.Pension acted as the"inhibitor"of government transfer payment to reduce the negative impact.Based on the research findings,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on improving the quality of government transfer payments,increasing the intensity of financial transfer payments to vulnerable groups,focusing on improving the human capital of multi-dimensional poor families,and exploring the establishment of a nationwide unified pension system.

关 键 词：政府转移支付 再分配效应 MT指数 多维贫困 养老金 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学]