违约精神损害赔偿条款司法适用分析——以《民法典》生效后364个合同纠纷案件为例  

Analysis on the Judicial Application of the Mental Damage Compensation Clause for Breach of Contract——Taking 364 Contract Disputes Cases Afterthe Civil Code Coming into Effect as an Example

作　　者：桑雨婷 阿依加马丽·苏皮[1] SANG Yuting;AYIJIAMALI Supi(School of Laws,Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumchi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《信阳农林学院学报》2023年第3期18-23,28,共7页Journal of Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(20BFX106)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第996条规定的违约精神损害赔偿,属于真正意义上的违约精神损害赔偿。该条款规定,在合同履行过程中,因一方未履行或未按照约定履行合同义务,致使对方在除经济利益外的方面遭受精神上的伤害和困扰时,守约方可在违约之诉中主张精神损害赔偿,无需再另行提起侵权之诉。与侵权精神损害赔偿不同,违约精神损害赔偿不以守约方人格权受到侵害为前提条件,并且可以适用于其他可能导致合同当事人精神利益受损的情形。相关合同是否适用违约精神损害赔偿条款,应从合同目的与当事人精神利益紧密相关、合同标的物具有情感价值等维度进行评价。具体而言,当事人应根据合同性质、目的以及交易习惯来预见违约可能导致的精神损害,只有当合同中存在以上因素时,才能主张精神损害赔偿。目前,违约精神损害赔偿条款在司法实践中的适用具有一定的灵活性,法官在司法裁判时会根据具体情况具体判断。Compensation for mental damages for breach of contract stipulated in Article 996 of the Civil Code is compensation for mental damages for breach of contract in the true sense.This clause stipulates that during the performance of the contract,if one party fails to perform or fails to perform its contractual obligations as agreed,causing the other party to suffer indelible mental pain in aspects other than economic benefits,the non-breaching party may sue for breach of contract at the same time.Claiming compensation for mental damages does not require filing a separate infringement lawsuit.Different from compensation for moral damages in tort,compensation for moral damages due to breach of contract does not require infringement of the personality rights of others as a prerequisite for its application,and is applicable to situations where the spiritual interests of the parties are damaged during the performance of the contract.Whether a breach of contract moral damages clause is applicable to a relevant contract should be evaluated from the following dimensions:the purpose of the contract is closely related to the spiritual interests of the parties,and the subject matter of the contract has emotional value.Specifically,the parties should foresee the possible mental damage caused by breach of contract based on the nature,purpose and trading habits of the contract.Only when the above factors exist in the contract,can the parties claim compensation for mental damage.In our country's judicial practice,the application of breach of contract moral damage compensation clauses has a certain degree of flexibility,and judges will make specific judgments based on specific circumstances when making judicial decisions.

关 键 词：违约责任 精神损害赔偿 司法实践 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]