全生物降解地膜覆盖对河西灌区马铃薯田耕层土温及产量的影响  

Effects of Biodegradable Film Mulching on Soil Temperatures and Potato Yields in Hexi Irrigation Area

作　　者：程万莉 樊廷录 王淑英[1,2,3,4] 李尚中[1,2,3,4] 赵刚 党翼[1,2,3,4] 王磊 张建军[1,2,3,4] 周刚 CHENG Wanli;FAN Tinglu;WANG Shuying;LI Shangzhong;ZHAO Gang;DANG Yi;WANG Lei;ZHANG Jianjun;ZHOU Gang(Dryland Agriculture Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Water Resources Efficient Utilization in Dry Farming Areas of Gansu Province,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Green and Low-carbon Dryland Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Stress Resistance,Yield Increaseand Efficient Utilization of Rainwater in Dryland Crops,Jointly Established by the Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs and Gansu Province,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]农业农村部西北旱地作物绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2023年第9期815-821,共7页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1100501);农业农村部玉米产业技术体系(GARS-02-66);甘肃省农业农村厅环保站项目“甘肃省地膜科学使用及残留污染综合防治关键技术研究与应用”。

摘　　要：全生物降解地膜可作为治理农用聚乙烯地膜残留污染的主要措施之一,但由于其生产工艺不同致使降解性能差异较大,导致使用区域范围和作物种类受限,推广使用时需做适合性试验。为明确全生物降解地膜在河西灌区马铃薯栽培应用中能否满足其生育期对热量的需求,为河西灌区马铃薯种植中全生物降解地膜替代聚乙烯地膜及区域农业生产绿色发展提供数据支撑和科学依据。以马铃薯品种大西洋为指示品种,选用聚乙烯地膜和全生物降解地膜进行垄上覆盖栽培,研究了在河西灌区全生物降解地膜覆盖对马铃薯田耕层土壤温度和马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,与覆盖聚乙烯地膜相比,采用全生物降解地膜覆盖时5、15、25 cm土层土壤日平均温度降低了1.10℃,马铃薯折合产量(39073.50 kg/hm^(2))增加了13.64%,这表明全生物降解地膜覆盖能够满足马铃薯生育期对热量的需求,可显著增加马铃薯产量。综上,在不改变当地田间管理措施的条件下,在河西灌区马铃薯栽培中可以使用符合或优于国标(GB 35795-2017)要求的全生物降解地膜替代聚乙烯地膜。As one of the main measures for the control of residual pollution of polyethylene mulch in agriculture,the use of biodegradable mulch has been the focus of much attention.However,due to differences in production processes,the degradation performance varies widely,and the scope of use is limited by area and crop species,so the popularisation of its use needs to be adapted to local production text.In order to understand whether biodegradable film mulching would be able to provide enough heat for potato production in Hexi irrigation district,so as to provide data support and scientific basis for the popularisation and application of biodegradable film mulching in potato cultivation in Hexi irrigation district,the potato variety Daxiyang was used as the indicator variety,and polyethylene film and biodegradable film were used for ridge mulching cultivation.Effects of biodegradable film mulching on soil temperature and potato yields in Hexi irrigation area were studied.The results showed that,compared with polyethylene mulching,soil temperatures at 5 cm,15 cm and 25 cm depths of biodegradable film mulching were decreased averagely by 1.10℃,and the average potato yield was increased by 13.64%(39073.50 kg/ha),which indicated that the biodegradable film mulching could meet the heat demand during the potato growth period and could significantly increase the potato yield.In conclusion,biodegradable film that meets the requirements of the national standard(GB 35795-2017)could be used to replace polyethylene film in potato cultivation in Hexi irrigation district when local field management measures are not changed.

关 键 词：全生物降解地膜 河西灌区 土壤温度 马铃薯产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]