有机肥部分替代化学磷肥对小麦生长及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of Partial Substitution of Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizer on Wheat Growth and Soil Properties

作　　者：丁晓娟 顾进初 徐素霞 袁嘉烩 高化平 赵海涛 DING Xiao-juan;GU Jin-chu;XU Su-xia(Sihong County Agricultural Technology Popularization Center,Suqian,Jiangsu 223951;Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation(Yangzhou University),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127)

机构地区：[1]泗洪县农业技术推广中心,江苏宿迁223951 [2]农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室(扬州大学),江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第18期149-151,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2022]498,JATS[2022]348)。

摘　　要：为明确冬小麦栽培中有机替代的有益作用,设常规施肥、有机肥替代30%磷肥、有机肥替代60%磷肥、不施用基肥等处理,采用大田试验的方法,探究了基肥运筹中有机肥部分替代化学磷肥对小麦生长及土壤性状的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,常规施肥能够显著增加小麦穗数和千粒重、增加小麦产量,与常规施肥相比,有机肥替代30%~60%磷肥能够显著增加小麦穗数,常规施肥小麦产量为7 455 kg/hm2,有机肥替代30%与60%磷肥处理的小麦产量分别为7 404和7 257 kg/hm2;有机肥替代化学磷肥增加了土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾和阳离子交换量(CEC),降低了土壤容重。综上,有机肥替代化学磷肥明显改善了土壤理化性质和养分供应状况,有机肥替代30%~60%磷肥可以实现小麦稳产,提高小麦有效穗数、增加土壤全氮和全磷含量是有机肥替代化学磷肥实现小麦稳产的主因。In order to clarify the beneficial effect of organic substitution in winter wheat cultivation,conventional fertilization,organic substitution of 30%phosphorus(P)fertilizer,organic substitution of 60%P fertilizer and no application of base fertilizer were set up in the experiment.By means of field experiments,the effects of partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical P fertilizer in base fertilizer operation on wheat growth and soil properties were explored.The results showed that compared with the control,conventional fertilization could significantly increase the number of ears and 1000-grain weight of wheat,and increase the yield of wheat.Compared with conventional fertilization,30%-60%phosphate replacement by organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of ears of wheat.The yield of wheat with conventional fertilization was 7455 kg/hm 2,and the yield of wheat with 30%and 60%phosphate replacement by organic fertilizer was 7404 and 7257 kg/hm 2,respectively;replacing chemical phosphate fertilizer with organic fertilizer increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and cation exchange capacity(CEC),and decreased soil bulk density.To sum up,the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical phosphate fertilizer has significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of soil and the supply of nutrients.The substitution of 30%-60%phosphate fertilizer by organic fertilizer could achieve stable yield of wheat.Increasing the number of effective ears of wheat and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil were the main reasons to achieve stable yield of wheat by replacing chemical phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：有机肥 磷肥 等量替代 小麦 土壤 

分 类 号：S147.4[农业科学—肥料学]