数字时代被告人质证权的实现困境及出路——以大数据证据为视角  

The Predicament and Solutions of Realizing the Defendant’s Right of Cross-Examination in the Digital Age:A Perspective on Big Data Evidence

作　　者：俞育标 YU Yu-biao(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《唐山学院学报》2023年第5期93-101,共9页Journal of Tangshan University

基　　金：华东政法大学2022年度苏惠渔刑法学研究基金项目(2111060875)。

摘　　要：数字时代,司法程序越来越“智慧化”,大数据证据的运用也越来越广泛,但这种嬗变给审判场域被告人质证权的行使带来了许多障碍。一方面,对于大数据证据所属证据种类尚存争议,加之被追诉方获取数据渠道的闭塞性和分析数据能力的有限性造成了数字时代新的“控辩鸿沟”,甚至出现了“数据倾倒”,无法实现控辩平等武装。另一方面,法官过度信任大数据证据,对该类证据并不进行充分实质的质证,有违“以审判为中心”的要求。这就需要突破法定证据种类的藩篱,明确大数据证据作为独立的新证据种类的地位并适用补强证据规则,赋予被追诉方数据访问权,强制大数据证据收集方出庭接受质证并允许被追诉方聘请专家对大数据证据发表意见,从而实现对大数据证据的质证。In the digital age,judicial procedures are becoming increasingly“smart”,and the use of big data evidence is becoming more widespread.However,this transformation has brought about many obstacles to the exercise of the defendant’s right of cross-examination in the courtroom.On one hand,there is ongoing debate over the classification of big data evidence,and the closed nature of the defense’s access to data and limited ability to analyze the data creates a new“prosecution-defense gap”in the digital age,leading to instances of“data dumping”and an inability to achieve a level playing field for the defense and prosecution.On the other hand,judges often place excessive trust in big data evidence and do not sufficiently and substantively cross-examine such evidence,which contradicts the principle of“putting trials at the center”.Therefore,it is necessary to break through the limitations of prescribed evidence types,establish big data evidence as a new independent category,apply the rule of reinforcing evidence,grant the defense access to data,force the big data evidence collector to be present in the court for cross examination,and allow the defense to retain experts to provide opinions on big data evidence,thus realizing the cross-examination of big data evidence.

关 键 词：大数据证据 质证权 智慧司法 数据访问权 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]