从“平行市场”到“以开放破围堵”:开放引领中国发展新突破  

From“Parallel Markets”to“Breaking Containment with Opening Up”:Opening Up Leading New Breakthroughs of China’s Development

作　　者：杨正位[1] 巫菲菲[1] 马国良 YANG Zhengwei;WU Feifei;MA Guoliang(Policy Research Department,Ministry of Commerce,Beijing 100731)

机构地区：[1]商务部政策研究室,北京100731

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2023年第4期107-113,共7页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：二战后,美国主导建立布雷顿森林体系及国际货币基金组织、世界银行、关贸总协定,形成资本主义世界的“中心—外围”格局,苏联则主导建立经互会,全球经济形成两个“平行体系”,经济全球化进入“两个平行市场”阶段。经过近半个世纪的角力,最终以社会主义世界市场瓦解,经互会解散,苏联经济崩溃、政治分裂和国家解体收场,平行体系合二为一,全球经济回归美国主导的西方国际市场。百年大变局下,美国视中国为最主要的战略竞争对手,对中国进行经济围堵,拉拢盟友组建“排华”经贸小圈子,企图将中国排斥出现行经济体系、孤立于世界市场之外,而国际经济体系从分到合后再现分的苗头,滑向“平行市场”的风险增加。中国应坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略,坚定不移推进高水平对外开放,坚决反对保护主义,反对“筑墙设垒”“脱钩断链”,反对单边制裁、极限施压,以开放破围堵、以开放促发展,与世界各国实现互利共赢。After World War II,the United States led the establishment of the Bretton Woods System,the International Monetary Fund,the World Bank,and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,forming a“center-periphery”pattern in the capitalist world,whereas the Soviet Union led the establishment of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.“Two parallel systems”were formed in the global economy,while the economic globalization entered the stage of two“parallel markets”.After nearly half a century of struggle,the socialist world market ultimately disintegrated,the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance dis-solved,the Soviet Union collapsed with economic breakup and political division,the parallel systems merged into one,and the global economy returned to the western international market led by the United States.In the context of the great changes unseen in a century,because the United States is regarding China as its main strategic competitor,conducting economic encirclement against China,attracting allies to form an economic and trade circle“excluding China”,attempting to exclude China from the international economic system,and isolating it from the world market,the international economic system shows more signs of separation and the risk of sliding towards“parallel markets”is growing.By learning from history,China should pursue a mutually beneficial strat-egy of opening up,promote high-level opening up to the outside world,firmly oppose protectionism,oppose the“erection of fences and barriers”and“decoupling and breaking chains”,oppose unilateral sanctions and maximum-pressure tactics,break through bar-riers and promote development through opening up,and achieve mutual benefits with countries around the world.

关 键 词：冷战 “平行体系” “平行市场” 百年大变局 高水平对外开放 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]