胶乳凝固方法对生胶中非胶元素留存与流失的影响  

Effect of Latex Coagulation Methodologies on Retention and Loss of Non-rubber Elements in Raw Rubber

作　　者：叶廷红 许木果 耿顺军 张海清 丁华平[1] 杨春霞[1] YE Tinghong;XU Muguo;GENG Shunjun;ZHANG Haiqing;DING Huaping;YANG Chunxia(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带农业科技》2023年第4期61-70,共10页Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省财政专项(RF2023-5);云南省技术创新人才培养项目(202005AD160005);西双版纳橡胶林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站(202205AM070004);云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202204BP090028);云南省院士专家工作站项目(202105AF150017)。

摘　　要：以鲜胶乳直接加热烘干为对照,对比不同凝固方法(酸凝固、糖凝固、盐凝固、自然凝固)对生胶制备过程中非胶元素留存的影响,分析了其在生胶制备过程中的流失情况。结果表明,与胶乳直接加热烘干相比,不同凝固方法制备的生胶中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量分别降低了23.0%~58.3%、70.3%~89.8%、93.4%~99.1%、14.2%~48.3%、70.7%~97.7%、31.4%~64.4%、24.7%~58.2%、14.6%~84.3%和18.2%~75.0%。其中自然凝固、糖凝固和盐凝固生胶氮含量和铜含量显著低于酸凝固,镁含量和锌含量显著高于酸凝固;但生胶钾含量在4种凝固方法下无显著差异。在生胶制备过程中,清洗、压片等过程造成胶乳中的磷(≥73%)、钾(≥95%)、镁(≥74%)随乳清废水流失,氮、钙、铁、锰、铜和锌流失比例稍低,为19%~86%。相关分析表明,留存在生胶中的非胶元素含量(锰除外)、制胶过程中流失的非胶元素含量与胶乳自身的非胶元素含量呈显著或极显著正相关。建议在实际生产中选择合适的凝固方法,以保证最优的天然橡胶性能和最大化利用乳清废水中的非胶元素。The direct heating and drying of fresh latex was used as the control to compare the effects of contrasting latex coagulation methodologies including acid coagulation,sugar coagulation,salt coagulation,and natural coagulation on the retention and loss of non-rubber elements during the preparation of raw rubber.Compared with control,concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron,manganese,copper,and zinc in the raw rubber were decreased by 23.0%~58.3%,70.3%~89.8%,93.4%~99.1%,14.2%~48.3%,70.7%~97.7%,31.4%~64.4%,24.7%~58.2%,14.6%~84.3%and 18.2%~75.0%under other four coagulation methodologies,respectively.Concentrations of nitrogen and copper or magnesium and zinc were significantly lower or higher in the raw rubber under the natural coagulation,sugar coagulation and salt coagulation than under the acid coagulation,while its potassium concentrations were similar under all these four coagulation methodologies.Due to the cleaning and tablet compressing during the coagulation process of raw rubber,phosphorus(≥73%),potassium(≥95%),magnesium(≥74%),and a range of 19%~86%for nitrogen,calcium,iron,manganese,copper,and zinc were loss in the latex with the whey wastewater.Correlation analysis showed that the non-rubber element concentration(except manganese)retained in raw rubber and the loss during raw rubber preparation were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the non-rubber element concentration of latex.It is recommended to select the appropriate coagulation methodology in the raw rubber preparation process to ensure an optimal property in natural rubber while maximizing the reutilization of non-rubber element lost in whey wastewater.

关 键 词：天然橡胶 性能 非胶元素含量 循环利用 乳清废水 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]