退休审批中年龄认定条款的审视与反思  

Review and Reflection on Age Determination Provisions in Retirement Approval

作　　者：韩晓丽 HAN Xiaoli(School of Law,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京100020

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期74-80,共7页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)

摘　　要：退休程序中如何认定申请人的年龄关系着公民的切身利益。目前,实践中的做法是依据《关于制止和纠正违反国家规定办理企业职工提前退休有关问题的通知》之规定,采取“档案认定标准”。该文件在性质上为部门规范性文件,效力低于部门规章,其与《民法典》等上位法在内涵、价值目标上是否一致仍有待商榷。在退休审批这一行政确认行为及相关行政诉讼的责任分配中,行政相对人和原告都负担了额外的证明义务。“档案认定标准”的产生有其历史背景,本质上体现了效率与公平价值之间的权衡和博弈。对此,立法上应增加补充条款,及时出台规章,补足规章缺位;司法上要强化落实司法审查制度,构建规范性文件检察监督制度;行政上要加强管理,严防篡改现象。How to determine the applicant’s age in the retirement procedure are of vital interest to citizens.At present,the practice is to adopt the“file recognition standard”based on the provisions of the Notice on Stopping and Correcting Issues Related to the Early Retirement of Enterprise Employees in Violation of State Regulations.The document is a departmental normative document and its effect is lower than that of departmental regulations.Whether it is consistent with the Civil Code and other higher laws in terms of connotation and value objectives is still open to question.In the allocation of responsibility of administrative confirmation act of retirement approval and the related administrative litigation,the administrative counterpart and plaintiff are burdened with an additional burden of proof.The“file recognition standard”has its historical background,which essentially reflects the trade-off between the value of efficiency and fairness.The legislature should add additional provisions and promptly introduce regulations to fill in the gaps in the regulations.The judiciary organs should strengthen the implementation of the judicial review system of administrative normative documents and build a system of procuratorial supervision of normative documents.The administrative organizations should strengthen the management and prevent the tampering.

关 键 词：延迟退休 部门规范性文件 档案认定标准 司法审查制度 合宪性审查 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]