诚认副词“实在”的句法验证与话语关联  

On the syntactic verification and discourse correlation of shizai as honest acknowledgement adverbs

作　　者：赵春利[1] 陈莹 ZHAO Chunli;CHEN Ying

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院中文系,510632

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2023年第5期69-79,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金一般项目“现代汉语方式副词的句法语义与分类排序研究”(22BYY135);2017年度国家社科基金一般项目“汉语情态副词的语义提取与分类验证研究”(17BYY026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南领航计划19JNLH04);广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以语义语法为理论基础,先从形式的句类选择、句法位置、句法地位三个层面逐层定位并验证副词“实在”的句法分布规律,再从话语的逻辑、语义、情态三个层面解析其话语关联“诚认顺变”,最后根据句法和话语提取出其“无奈诚认”的语法意义。第一,综述前人成果,指出两点不足:一是句法分布的描写顺序、正反验证与逻辑论证不足;二是话语关联的内部层次、形式验证与概括精度不足。第二,精准定位并正反验证副词“实在”的句法分布规律:位于陈述句或感叹句的状位且修饰程度性已然完成体谓词结构。第三,提取并验证“实在”句的逻辑关联“折因述果”、语义关联“力竭顺变”和情态关联“无奈诚认”,并合成话语关联“诚认顺变”。第四,根据句法分布与话语关联,以情感“无奈”、态度“诚恳”和意向“承认”为底蕴,提取“实在”的核心语义为“无奈诚认”。可以说,情态副词的研究应该以制约性的“句法”和选择性的“语用”为两翼来提取并验证其语义。Based on semantic grammar,the paper discusses the syntactic distribution of shizai(实在)in terms of sentence types,its position and status in the sentence,explains its discourse meaning of"honest acknowledgement with adjustment"in respect of logic,seman-tics and modality,and concludes its grammatical meaning of"acknowledgement having no choices".At first,the literature review shows that the previous studies lack syntactic verifi-cation and logical description of shizai.Secondly,it is found that shizai usually modifies the verbal group with perfect aspect and the meaning of degree,functioning as the adverbial in a declarative or an exclamative.Thirdly,the discourse meaning of shizai is synthesized from its logic meaning of"cause-effect in the adversative relation",its semantic meaning of"a compromise due to failure of efforts"and its modal meaning of"acknowledgement having no choices",Fourthly,the grammatical meaning of the adverb shizai is concluded from the emotion of"resigning",the attitude of"honesty"and the intention of acknowledgement.In a word,the meaning of the modal adverb can be studied both from the restrictive syntax and alternative pragmatics to conclude and verify its meaning.

关 键 词：“实在” 折因述果 力竭顺变 无奈诚认 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]