有机蔬菜生产中天敌昆虫应用的经济收益评价  

Economic benefits of using natural enemies to control pest insects in organic vegetable production

作　　者：程森弟 王晓晶 郭荣[4] 张帆[3] 王甦[3] 梁玉勇[5] CHENG Sen-Di;WANG Xiao-Jing;GUO Rong;ZHANG Fan;WANG Su;LIANG Yu-Yong(Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College,Nanchang 330200,China;Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Plant Protection of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西生物科技职业学院,南昌330200 [2]贵州大学精细化工研究中心,贵阳550025 [3]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京100097 [4]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [5]江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南昌330200

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2023年第3期956-963,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072479);江西省重点研发计划一般项目(20212BBF63043);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201006)。

摘　　要：【目的】应用天敌昆虫可以部分替代化学杀虫剂的使用,有效减少因“3R”问题造成的生态问题,但天敌昆虫因无法长期维持种群而导致控害周期短,应用成本增加,这大大限制了天敌昆虫在实际生产中的应用与推广。为探究基于储蓄植物系统的天敌昆虫实际应用效果,本研究在有机番茄温室中系统评价了丽蚜小蜂Encarsiaformosa储蓄植物系统控制番茄上烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci的效果与经济效益。【方法】在2020年和2021年,围绕设施番茄生产中的烟粉虱防控,本研究分别进行了丽蚜小蜂储蓄植物系统和常规有机植保管理(植物源杀虫剂-除虫菊素),通过比较两个不同植保技术应用场景间在控害效果、作物产量、不同因素环节的经济成本以及最终经济收益,明确天敌昆虫生物防治与常规有机植保管理的经济效益差异。【结果】通过储蓄植物系统辅助释放的丽蚜小蜂可以发挥与喷施除虫菊素相同的烟粉虱抑制效果。应用丽蚜小蜂可以显著降低番茄的损失系数、保持番茄的单位产量,并且和喷施除虫菊素处理间无显著差异。此外,丽蚜小蜂储蓄植物系统应用的Reichelderfer经济效益变量与喷施除虫菊素间也无显著差异。【结论】本研究发现利用有机植保药剂和天敌昆虫释放,均可以对烟粉虱发挥同样的控害功效,且两者在番茄植株保护、生产能力等方面没有显著的差异影响。这不但为我们系统评价天敌昆虫生物防治应用的收益度提供了技术方法,也为我们推进天敌昆虫产业化应用和精准评价奠定了基础。[Objectives]To investigate the practicality and economic benefits of using Encarsia formosa to control Bemisia tabaci in organic tomato greenhouses.[Methods]The practicality and effectiveness of using E.formosa to control B.tabaci in greenhouse tomato production using the plant storage system was compared to conventional organic plant protection(the botanical insecticide-pyrethrum)in 2020 and 2021.The economic benefits of using biological control vs conventional organic plant protection was determined by comparing the control effect,crop yield,economic cost,and final economic benefit of the two different control methods.【Results】E.formosa released within a banker plant system exerted the same inhibitory effect on B.tabaci as spraying pyrethrin.The application of E.formosa significantly reduced the crop loss coefficient,and maintained unit yield;there was no significant difference between the application of E.formosa and spraying pyrethrin.In addition,there was no significant difference in Reichelderfer economic benefit variables between E.formosa and spraying pyrethrin.【Conclusion】Both organic pesticides and E.formosa exerted the same level of control on B.tabaci in organic tomato crops;there was no significant difference in tomato damage and production between these two control methods.These results not only provide a method for comparing the relative benefits of biological control agents and conventional pest control,but also a foundation for promoting the application and accurate evaluation of biological control.

关 键 词：丽蚜小蜂 烟粉虱 储蓄植物 损失系数 经济收益变量 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]