大规模白化对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响研究进展  

Effects of mass bleaching events on coral reef ecosystems.

作　　者：马静[1] 余克服[1,2] MA Jing;YU Kefu(Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,南宁530004 [2]广西大学海洋学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第9期2227-2240,共14页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42030502)资助。

摘　　要：全球变暖引起的珊瑚白化极大地影响着珊瑚礁生态系统。近30年来发生过三起全球性的大规模珊瑚白化事件,从中观察到珊瑚、大型藻类、鱼类群落之间发生了复杂的链锁式转变。大规模白化对珊瑚礁生态系统的主要影响包括:白化后珊瑚主要类群改变,珊瑚群落向小型化转变;白化后发生“珊瑚-大型藻”生态相变,即珊瑚礁群落由珊瑚主导变为由大型藻主导,以匍扇藻属(Lobophora)和马尾藻属(Sargassum)为主;白化后礁栖鱼类的总丰度下降,植食性鱼类个别类群丰度增加,食珊瑚鱼类普遍减少,但礁栖小型鱼类丰度变化不大。基于各组分的生态变化,预测珊瑚礁的未来有以下几种:珊瑚分布将向更深或更高纬度的海区迁移;耐热珊瑚种群可能成为种质保存库;珊瑚的热适应性或可有效抵抗海水升温带来的负面影响,实现珊瑚群落的原位生态恢复。我国在热白化后珊瑚的适应性、珊瑚与其共生藻类的生态关系等方面取得了较好的进展,建议从生态系统的角度进一步关注珊瑚、鱼类、大型藻等的协同变化,为珊瑚礁的保护和发展提供科学依据。Coral bleaching induced by global warming has greatly affected coral reef ecosystems.In the past three decades,there have been three mass bleaching events with a complex chain-regime shift among coral,macroalgae,and fish communities.Global bleaching events have important effects on coral reef ecosystem.For instance,population structure of coral community could shift to smaller and younger colony groups with dominant taxa changes.The coral-algal phase shifts from coral to macroalgae dominance,with Lobophora and Sargassum as dominants.Fish community declines with a lag in total abundance and richness,with increased abundance of some herbivorous fishes,decreased corallivores generally,but almost no change in cryptobenthic fishes.Coral reefs are predicted for several possible futures.First,coral would migrate to deeper and higher-latitude waters.Second,thermal resistant populations could serve as germplasm reservoirs,such as‘super coral’in the northern Red Sea.Third,the thermal adaptability of coral might effectively resist the negative impacts of ocean warming and realize the in-situ ecological restoration of coral community.Research in China has mostly focused on the thermal adaptability of coral and the ecological relationship between coral and its symbiotic zooxanthellae.More attention should be paid to coordinated ecological changes between corals,fish and macroalgae,so as to provide scientific basis for the protection and development of coral reefs.

关 键 词：珊瑚白化 生态相变 全球变暖 适应性 生态恢复 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]