国防韧性建设:美国国防战略的新议程  

Building up Defense Resilience:The New Agenda of the US Defense Strategy

作　　者：丁思齐 刘国柱[1] Ding Siqi;Liu Guozhu

机构地区：[1]浙江大学世界史所/美国研究中心,杭州310012

出　　处：《国际论坛》2023年第5期96-117,158,共23页International Forum

基　　金：中央高校基本业务费专项基金资助成果。

摘　　要：国防韧性建设是目前美国国防战略的优先事项与新议程。美国之所以高度重视国防韧性建设,主要原因在于美国认为其国防建设正面临着大国竞争、跨国威胁与自身国防能力衰退这三重战略挑战。美国的国防韧性建设以加强国防抵御力、国防威慑力与国防强制力这三种能力为目标指向;网络空间、太空域以及联合控制、指挥与通信系统此类跨域节点,是国防韧性建设的重点关切领域;美国联邦政府、地方政府、私营部门、美国的盟友与伙伴国家等多元主体共同参与,是国防韧性建设的基础实现方式。在国防韧性议程下,美国在“印太”地区的军力态势正围绕更新作战理念、调整兵力结构与部署、加强能力建设而发生深刻变化。美国的国防韧性建设会给国际与地区安全局势带来一系列不容忽视的影响,其在有助于美国同盟体系稳定的同时,将对太空与核领域的战略稳定构成挑战,也可能会推动中美在西太平洋地区的军事平衡再调整,诱导美国采取对华冒险军事行为与阻碍中国在台湾问题和南海问题上捍卫国家利益。国防韧性议程的确立也昭示着美国国防理念出现了从绝对安全理念向相对安全理念转型的迹象。Defense resilience has been identified as a priority and new agenda for the US defense strategy.The US emphasis on defense resilience is attributable to the so-called triple strategic challenges of great power competition,transnational threats,and the decline of its own defense capabilities.The US aims to enhance its national defense capabilities in terms of resistance,deterrence,and compellence.Key areas for defense resilience include cyberspace,outer space,and joint control,command,and communication systems.The involvement of multiple players such as the US federal government,local governments,private sectors,and US allies and partners is essential for the implementation.To implement defense resilience,the US military posture in the Indo-Pacific region is undergoing profound changes though updating operational concepts,adjusting force structures and deployments,and building up capabilities.The US practice of defense resilience will have a series of significant impacts on international and regional security,stabilizing the US alliance system while posing challenges to strategic stability in space and nuclear domains.It may also lead to a readjustment of the military balance between China and the US in the Western Pacific,induce the US to take risky military actions against China,and to obstruct China’s defense of its national interests in Taiwan and in the South China Sea.The US defense resilience agenda also indicates a transformation from pursuing absolute security to relative security in its defense thinking.

关 键 词：国防战略 国防韧性 军力态势 作战理念 战略稳定 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]