系统论视阈下刑法立法观的当代中国选择及其展开  

The Contemporary China's Choice of the Outlook on Criminal Legislation and the Furthered Discussion from the Perspective of System Theory

作　　者：吴亚可[1] WU Yake

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第10期128-145,共18页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“社会治理语境下功能主义刑法的基础边界研究”(项目编号:20CFX025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前的刑法立法观之争主要表现为两种类型:一是积极刑法立法观、消极刑法立法观与折衷刑法立法观之间所形成的理论争议;二是风险/安全/预防刑法立法观与自由刑法立法观之间所形成的理论争议。上述理论争议源于刑法学者遵循“人类中心主义”思维范式考察刑法在社会治理中的运用,以致形成了“秩序”与“自由”这两种价值立场的分歧。为了适应现代社会的功能分化与“去中心化”,摆脱“人类中心主义”思维范式的不当束缚,必须基于功能主义的考察进路,从刑法属于现代社会的一个功能子系统这一现实出发,根据刑法的规范确证功能与运作逻辑考察刑法在社会治理中的运用情况。这可谓功能主义刑法立法观形成的时代背景与正当性根据。根据功能主义刑法立法观,在刑事立法实践中,应当以宪法作为刑法子系统与其他社会功能子系统“结构耦合”的媒介,以现有刑法规范体系作为刑法子系统自我指涉的参照,从而实现刑事立法的科学化与合理化。The battle on the outlook on criminal legislative is mainly reflected two types:one is the theoretical dispute formed among Proactive Outlook on Criminal Legislation,Passive Outlook and Intermediate Outlook on Criminal Legislation;the other is the theoretical dispute formed among Riskbased/Safety-based/Prevention-based Outlooks on Criminal Legislation and Free Outlook on Criminal Legislation.To seek the root cause,it is found that the above-mentioned theoretical disputes stem from the fact that criminal scholars follow the thinking mode of"anthropocentralism"to examine the application of criminal law in the social governance,thus resulting in the dispute between two kinds of value-oriented positions of"order"and"freedom".In order to adapt to functional differentiation and"decentralization"in contemporary society,get rid of the improper shackles of the thinking mode of"anthropocentralism",it is imperative to,on basis of the approach of functionalist examination,start from the reality that the criminal law serves as one of functional sub-systems of contemporary society,and examine the application of the criminal law in the social governance according to its function of norms confirmation and its operational logic.This can be regarded as the era background of and legitimacy basis for the formation of Functionalist Outlook on Criminal Legislation.According to Functionalist Outlook on Criminal Legislation,in the practice of criminal legislation,the Constitution should be used as the medium of"structure coupling"between the subsystem of criminal law and other functional subsystems in the society,and the normative system of the existing criminal law should be used as the reference for the self-reference of the subsystem of the criminal law,so as to realize the scientization and rationalization of criminal legislation.

关 键 词：刑法立法观 人类中心主义 功能主义 结构耦合 自我指涉 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]