新开城际地下站人员不良建筑物综合征发生情况及区域空气质量调查  

Survey on occurrence of sick building syndrome (SBS) and air quality in new intercity underground stations

作　　者：周小勇 朱小霞 刘雨璨 滕雅平 蔡文杰 ZHOU Xiao-yong;ZHU Xiao-xia;LIU Yu-can;TENG Ya-ping;CAI Wen-jie(Health Monitoring Department,Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China Railway Guangzhou Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路广州局集团有限公司长沙疾病预防控制中心卫生监测部,湖南410007

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2023年第7期519-523,528,共6页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：中国铁路广州局集团有限公司科技开发项目(2021K107-Z)。

摘　　要：目的 通过对新开城际地下站人员不良建筑物综合征症状的发生情况及该区域空气质量进行调查,为有针对性地预防地下建筑内空气污染对健康的危害提供科学参考。方法 于2017年1月选择长沙4个新开城际地下站的工作人员(居站工作人员、流动作业人员),分别在通风前(115人)、通风1周后(121人)、通风+辅助措施2周后(127人)三个时间点,采用现场问卷调查形式,进行不良建筑物综合征症状调查;同时对新开城际地下站人员活动各主要区域的空气质量分区域(工作区、候车区)进行空气质量监测。结果 通风前、通风1周后、通风+辅助措施2周后,新开城际地下站工作人员的不良建筑物综合征症状发生率分别为39.7%、13.9%、6.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.088,P<0.05)。与通风前比较,通风后不良建筑物综合征症状发生率降低(χ^(2)=25.411,P<0.05)。居站工作人员的不良建筑物综合征症状发生率高于流动作业人员(χ^(2)=62.000,P<0.05)。通风前工作区5项化学污染物指标CO、甲醛、可吸入颗粒(PM_(10))、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)及CO_(2)浓度均超标,通风后CO、甲醛、PM_(10)、TVOC及CO_(2)浓度均降低(P均<0.05)。候车区一直处于通风状态,空气质量均合格。结论 新开城际地下站工作人员有较高的不良建筑物综合征症状发生率,空气化学污染物超标是其主要原因,进行通风及辅助措施可使新开城际地下站空气质量明显改善,降低人员的不良建筑物综合征发生率。Objective Through investigating the occurrence of sick building syndrome(SBS) symptoms and air quality of new intercity underground stations,it provides scientific reference for preventing the harm of air pollution to health in underground buildings.Methods In January 2017,the symptoms of SBS among the staff(resident staff and mobile staff) in 4 new intercity underground stations were investigated in Changsha city.An on-site questionnaire was used to investigate symptoms of SBS at 3 time points:before ventilation(115 people),after 1 week of ventilation(121 people),and after 2 weeks of ventilation+assistive measures(127 people),respectively.At the same time,air quality monitoring was carried out in sub-areas(work area,waiting area) for air quality in all major areas of personnel activities at the newly opened intercity underground station.Results Before ventilation,after 1 week of ventilation,and after 2 weeks of ventilation + auxiliary measures,the incidence of SBS symptoms among the staff of the new intercity underground station was 39.7%,13.9%,and 6.7%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=28.088,P<0.05).Compared with before ventilation,the incidence of SBS was lower after ventilation(χ^(2)=25.411,P<0.05).The incidence of SBS in resident staff was higher than that in mobile staff(χ^(2)=62.000,P<0.05).The concentrations of 5 chemical pollutant indicators CO,formaldehyde,respirable particles(PM_(10)),total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) and CO_(2) were exceeded in the work area before ventilation,and the concentrations of CO,formaldehyde,PM_(10),TVOC and CO_(2) were reduced after ventilation(all P 0.05).Conclusion The staff of the new intercity underground station have a high incidence of symptoms of SBS,and excessive air chemical pollutants are the main reason for this.Ventilation and auxiliary measures can significantly improve the air quality of the new intercity underground station and reduce the incidence of adverse building syndrome among the personnel.

关 键 词：不良建筑物综合征 空气质量 通风 新开城际地下站 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]