不同缺素条件下核桃幼苗的生长和生理变化  

Growth and physiological changes of walnut seedlings under different nutrient deficiency conditions

作　　者：黄小辉[1] 吴焦焦 魏立本 王玉书 冯大兰[1] 张宏[1] Huang Xiaohui;Wu Jiaojiao;Wei Liben;Wang Yushu;Feng Dalan;Zhang Hong(Chongqing Academy of Forestry,Chongqing Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Storehouse District Forest Ecology Protects and Restores,Chongqing 400036,China;College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市林业科学研究院,三峡库区森林生态保护与恢复重庆市市级重点实验室,重庆400036 [2]四川农业大学林学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2023年第9期33-41,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：重庆市科技兴林项目(cstd2019-1);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(cstc2018jxjl20001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究核桃幼苗在不同缺素条件下的表型特征及生长和生理特性变化,为核桃幼苗的科学高效管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置缺氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)处理及对照,研究不同缺素条件下核桃幼苗的表型特征及生长生理变化。【结果】(1)不同缺素处理的核桃幼苗叶部症状和出现时间不同,其中缺N症状出现最早,缺Mg次之,缺K出现最晚。幼苗的生长明显受阻,其中缺N和缺Mg的地上部分生物量分别较对照组(CK)下降了66.5%和48.6%,根系生物量分别较CK下降了48.0%和55.0%;(2)缺素处理的核桃幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度较CK均显著降低,其中缺N和缺Mg的幼苗叶片光合色素含量下降幅度最大,缺Ca和缺Mg的净光合速率和气孔导度下降幅度最大;(3)各处理核桃幼苗叶绿素荧光参数表现出明显差异,但总体上各缺素处理的实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))、电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光化学淬灭系数(qP)值均显著低于CK处理,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)值显著高于CK处理,其中以缺P处理的变化最为明显;(4)缺素处理的核桃幼苗生长素和脱落酸含量较CK均显著升高,而精胺和亚精胺含量较CK均显著降低,其中以缺N处理的变化最为明显。【结论】缺素对幼苗的光合效率和激素代谢等均有一定影响,以缺N、缺Mg、缺Ca的影响最明显。因此,在核桃幼苗培育中,应加强苗木生长观测,尤其是易发生且症状明显的N、Ca、Mg元素缺乏的诊断,及时进行针对性地补充,以提高核桃的育苗质量。[Objective] This paper studies the phenotypic characteristics,growth and physiological characteristics of walnut seedlings under different nutrient deficiency conditions,so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and efficient management of walnut seedlings.[Method] Pot experiment was conducted to study the phenotypic characteristics and growth physiological changes of walnut seedlings deficient in N,P,K,Ca and Mg.[Result](1) The leaf symptoms and occurrence time of walnut seedlings with different element deficiency treatments were different.Among them,the symptom of N deficiency appeared the earliest,Mg deficiency followed,and K deficiency appeared the latest.The aboveground biomass of seedlings lacking N and Mg decreased by 66.5% and 48.6%,respectively compared with CK,and root biomass decreased by 48.0% and 55.0%,respectively compared with CK;(2) The photosynthetic pigment content,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of walnut seedlings treated with element deficiency were significantly lower than those of CK.Among them,the photosynthetic pigment content of seedlings lacking N and Mg decreased the most,and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of walnut seedlings lacking Ca and Mg decreased the most;(3) The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of walnut seedlings treated with element deficiency showed significant differences,but in general,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of each element deficiency treatment were different.The values of Φ_(PSII),ETR,F_v/F_(m) and qP were significantly lower than those of CK,and the value of NPQ was significantly higher than that of CK,among which the change of P-deficient treatment was the most obvious;(4) The contents of IAA and ABA in walnut seedlings treated with element deficiency were significantly higher than those of CK,while the contents of Spm and Spd were significantly lower than those of CK,especially in N deficiency treatment.[Conclusion] Element deficiency has certain effects on photosynthetic efficiency and endogenous ho

关 键 词：核桃 缺素 光合效率 激素代谢 生理变化 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S664.1[农业科学—林学] Q945.1[生物学—植物学]