水曲柳人工林空间结构特征对土壤养分含量的影响  

Effects of spatial structure characteristics of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation on soil nutrient content

作　　者：张明辉 尹昀洲 王珂 王树力[1] Zhang Minghui;Yin Yunzhou;Wang Ke;Wang Shuli(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2023年第9期73-82,共10页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572020DR04);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0601103);黑龙江省省级财政林业科研专项(201522)。

摘　　要：【目的】弄清水曲柳人工林林分空间结构特征与土壤养分含量的关系,揭示影响土壤养分的林分空间结构因子,得出基于改善土壤养分的林分空间结构优化措施,为水曲柳人工林的精准经营及其土壤的有效管理提供科学依据。【方法】以黑龙江省帽儿山地区4种林分密度和2种混交比例的水曲柳人工林为对象,运用相关分析与通径分析法得出混交比、林分密度、角尺度、大小比数、开敞度和竞争指数等林分结构因子与土壤养分含量的关系。【结果】水落3∶3混交林表层0~10 cm土壤养分含量显著高于4种密度纯林,其有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量较同密度水曲柳纯林分别提高37.5%、46.7%、22.2%、4.6%、17.9%和6.8%;不同林分密度水曲柳纯林间土壤养分含量差异显著(P <0.05),土壤养分随林分密度的增大而降低;最小密度纯林较最大密度纯林表层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高74.6%、54.8%、24.7%、9.9%、70.5%和39.7%;土壤养分含量随角尺度、大小比数和开敞度的增大而增加,随竞争指数的增大而降低;林分密度和竞争指数对多数土壤养分含量具有直接负作用,角尺度、大小比数和开敞度与多数土壤养分含量正相关,各结构特征因子间相互作用直接或间接地影响土壤养分含量。【结论】水曲柳落叶松混交林较水曲柳纯林、低密度纯林较高密度纯林土壤养分含量高。水曲柳人工林经营过程中应多营造混交林,以保持合理林分密度为总基调,降低林木间竞争指数。在调整角尺度,使林木趋于随机分布的基础上,根据大小比数伐除处于劣势的林木,增大开敞度。逐渐改变林木生长空间不合理的状态,改善林地营养条件。[Objective] This study clarified the relationship between stand spatial structure characteristics and soil nutrient content in Fraxinus mandshurica plantation,revealed the factors of stand spatial structure affecting soil nutrient,and obtained the optimal measures of stand spatial structure based on improving soil nutrients,providing scientific basis for precise management and effective soil management of Fraxinus mandshurica plantation.[Method] Fraxinus mandshurica plantation with 4 kinds of stand density and 2kinds of mixed proportion was taken as the object in Maoershan region of Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China.Correlation analysis and path analysis were used to find out the relationship between soil nutrient content and stand structure factors,such as mix ratio,stand density,angular scale,size ratio,opening degree and competition index.[Result] The surface soil nutrient content of mixed forest was significantly higher than that of the four density pure forests,and the contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 37.5%,46.7%,22.2%,4.6%,17.9% and 6.8%,respectively.There were significant differences in soil nutrient contents among different densities of pure plantations(P 0.05),and soil nutrient contents decreased with stand density increasing.The contents of surface soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium of the minimum density pure plantation were increased by 74.6%,54.8%,24.7%,9.9%,70.5% and 39.7% compared with those of the maximum density pure plantationt,respectively.The soil nutrient content increased with the increasing of angle scale,size ratio and openness,but decreased with the increasing of competition index.Stand density and competition index had direct negative effects on most soil nutrient contents,and angular scale,size ratio and openness were positively correlated with most soil nutrient contents.The interaction of struct

关 键 词：水曲柳 林分空间结构 土壤养分 通径分析 

分 类 号：S758.83[农业科学—森林经理学] S714.2[农业科学—林学]