中国电气化铁路的艰难起步:以宝成线电气化建设为中心(1952—1975)  

Painstaking Start of Railway Electrification in China:The Baocheng Electrified Railway(1952—1975)

作　　者：王斌[1] Wang Bin(The Institute for the History of Natural Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2023年第1期82-92,共11页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所重大突破项目:中华人民共和国科学技术史纲(项目编号Y621081)。

摘　　要：电气化铁路以电力来牵引列车,具有安全、无污染、速度快、牵引力大等优点,是铁路现代化的重要标志。为解决宝成铁路在秦岭山区的运输瓶颈,1958—1961年宝凤段建成中国首段电气化铁路。以曹建猷为首的中国专家,在进行大量的理论分析和比较研究的基础上,提出中国铁路应采用25kV单相工频交流制,被铁道部采纳。宝成铁路全线电气化是在技术零基础起步、面临国内局势动荡的不利条件下,前后历经近20年才最终建成。通车后取得了显著的经济效益。宝成电气化铁路建设开启了中国铁路事业发展的新篇章,推动了中国电气工程教育的发展。Electrified railways use electricity for trains operation and demonstrate advantages of added safety,no pollution,high speeds,and large traction.Thus,railway electrification is an important symbol of railway modernization.Interestingly,between 1958 and 1961,to solve the difficulties associated with the Baocheng Railway,which crosses the Qinling Mountains,China’s first electrified railway was built for the Baofeng section.Chinese experts led by Cao Jianyou conducted extensive theoretical analysis and comparative research.Consequently,they proposed that China should adopt the 25 kV single-phase power frequency AC system,which was then finally adopted by the Ministry of Railways.After the completion of the Baofeng section of the electrified railway,however,the electrification work remained stagnant for several years owing to the adverse impact of the domestic political situation.Nevertheless,the complete electrification transformation of the Baocheng Railway was completed,and it was operational in 1975,following which significant economic benefits were achieved.Thus,the Baocheng electrified railway ushered a new era of Chinese railways and boosted the development of China’s electrical engineering education.

关 键 词：电气化铁路 宝成铁路 宝凤段电气化铁路 曹建猷 交流制 

分 类 号：U22[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] K291[历史地理—历史学] K297[历史地理—中国史]