论道德正当性对正当防卫认定的影响  

On the Influence of Moral Leqitimacy on the Determination of Self-defense

作　　者：周铭川[1] ZHOU Ming-chuan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学法学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2023年第9期103-113,共11页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要：正当防卫的认定会受到社会道德观念的影响,正当防卫的各项成立条件仅是认定正当防卫的形式标准,其背后的实质标准则是防卫行为的道德正当性。仅适用形式标准容易导致认识分歧,难以认定正当防卫。应当用道德正当性来指导对形式标准的解释。在判断道德正当性时,主要考虑行为动机,综合考虑案件发生的前因后果、防卫效果、法益权衡、民众的公平正义观念等因素。在非法拘禁案中,应当区分非法拘禁行为和拘禁过程中随时可能发生的暴力侵害,只有后者才可能导致被拘禁者重伤或死亡,也只有对后者才可以实行无限防卫。The determination of self-defense is influenced by social moral concepts.The constitutive conditions of self-defense are only the form standards for the determination of self-defense,while the substantive standard behind them is the moral propriety of defensive act.Applying formal standards only can easily lead to recognition divergence and difficulty in determining self-defense.The moral propriety should be used to guide the interpretation of formal standards.When judging the moral propriety,we should mainly consider the motivations of the act,and give a comprehensive consideration to the antecedents and consequences of the case,the effect of defense,the balance of legal interests,and the public concepts of fairness and justice.In cases of illegal detention,it should be distinguished between illegal detention and violent infringement that may occur at any time during the detention,only the later may lead to serious injury or death,and only towards the later can one take unlimited defense.

关 键 词：正当防卫 道德正当性 形式标准 行为动机 非法拘禁 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]