小农的绿色发展转型:人力资本维度的考察——来自农民工回流农户的证据  

Green Development Transformation of Smallholder Farmers:An Examination from the Perspective of Human Capital——Evidence from Migrant Workers Returning to Rural Households

作　　者：肖剑 罗必良 XIAO Jian;LUO Biliang

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期20-30,共11页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略实施中政府与市场的关系及其协调研究”(71933004)。

摘　　要：农业绿色化转型与务农劳动力的人力资本紧密关联。回流农民工形成的人力资本补偿,对于推动农业绿色生产和农业高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。利用2017年中国农村家庭追踪调查数据(CRHPS)实证分析了农民工回流对农户绿色化经营的影响。研究发现,农民工回流显著降低了农户的化肥施用强度,且在多种稳健性检验下依然成立;机制分析表明,农民工回流通过机械化施肥和农地规模扩大两条路径实现化肥的减量施用;异质性分析表明,不同受教育程度的回流农民工对农业绿色化经营的影响存在差异,其中受初中及以上教育程度的回流农民工能显著降低化肥的施用;农民工回流与化肥施用之间的关系还受农作物种植类型的影响,农民工回流对经济作物种植户的化肥减量效应更加明显。由此认为,为推动中国式农业现代化,促进农业的绿色化转型,应重视异质性人力资本回流农民工的自我演化和自我改造作用。The green transformation of agriculture is closely associated with the human capital of farming labor.The human capital compensation formed by returned migrant workers has significant practical implications for promoting green production in agriculture and high-quality agricultural development.This paper empirically analyses the impact of returned migrant workers on the greening of farm households by using data from the 2017 China Rural Household Panel Studies(CRHPS).The study finds that the return of migrant workers significantly reduces the intensity of chemical fertilizer use by farmers,and this result holds under multiple robustness tests.Mechanism analysis shows that the return of migrant workers achieves the reduction in fertiliser application through two paths:mechanized fertilization and expansion of farmland.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of returned migrant workers on green farming differs by education level.Specifically,returned migrant workers with a junior high school education or higher can significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.Furthermore,the relationship between the return of migrant workers and fertiliser application is influenced by the type of crop grown.The effect of returned migrant workers on reducing chemical fertilizer use is more pronounced among farmers cultivating cash crops.The article argues that in order to promote Chinese-style agricultural modernization and facilitate the greening transformation of agriculture,attention should be paid to the self-evolving and self-transforming role of heterogeneous human capital among returned migrant workers.

关 键 词：农民工回流 人力资本 化肥施用 农业绿色化经营 

分 类 号：F320.1[经济管理—产业经济]