林草湿地与城市绿地红火蚁发生特点与监测防控研究进展  

Research advances in occurrence characteristics and monitoring and control strategies of Solenopsis invicta(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in forests,grasslands,wetlands and urban green spaces

作　　者：杜澄举 王磊 陆永跃 贾彩娟 林绪平[4] 许少嫦 温秀军 王偲 DU Cheng-Ju;WANG Lei;LU Yong-Yue;JIA Cai-Juan;LIN Xu-Ping;XU Shao-Chang;WEN Xiu-Jun;WANG Cai(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Management Office of Wutong Mountain National Park,Shenzhen 518004,China;Guangdong Forestry Bureau,Guangzhou 510130,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学植物保护学院,广州510642 [3]深圳市梧桐山风景区管理处,深圳518004 [4]广东省林业局,广州510130

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第8期1128-1138,共11页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1000500)。

摘　　要：红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是我国重大有害入侵生物,目前我国对于红火蚁的科学研究、防治策略、政策法规多集中于农业领域。虽然红火蚁在林草湿地与城市绿地中也有着广泛分布与巨大危害,但在这些领域的发生特点和防控策略被大大忽视。在林业中,红火蚁的发生与砍伐、火烧和翻土等人为扰动,以及生物多样性、林分郁闭度和土壤裸露程度等自然因素高度相关。人工林中的生物多样性与林分郁闭度较低,人为扰动多,因此人工林内部与周边地区均有较高的红火蚁入侵风险;而在天然林中,红火蚁的巢穴多分布于林缘、林窗及火烧迹地等阳光可以直接照射的区域。此外,苗圃和城市绿地有大量的裸露土壤和人类活动,红火蚁发生风险较高。在人类活动较多的人工林、苗圃和城市绿地,红火蚁主要危害人体健康和基础设施,并直接或间接危害林木。此外,红火蚁的入侵降低了生境中节肢动物的丰度和多样性,并威胁自然保护区和湿地中的野生动物。尽管有研究表明,在某些条件下红火蚁有利于促进种子传播和土壤营养物质循环,但其危害性远远大于可能带来的益处。在林业上,预防红火蚁入侵主要有检疫、监测和防治3个环节。在检疫方面,木材、带土苗木和草皮是可能携带红火蚁需要重点检疫的对象,熏蒸可有效杀灭红火蚁。在监测方面,诱饵法和陷阱法是主要的监测手段,近年来快速发展的遥感和雷达技术也有望在天然草地和城市绿地的红火蚁监测中发挥作用。尽管化学防治是目前最主要的红火蚁防治手段,使用高毒、广谱、难降解的杀虫剂可能危害自然保护区与湿地等生境中的生物多样性,因此有必要研发更加绿色环保的红火蚁防治药剂和方法。The red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,is a primary invasive pest in China.Currently,scientific researches,control strategies and policy regulations regarding S.invicta mainly focus on the filed of agriculture in China.Although S.invicta is also widely distributed in forests,grasslands,wetlands and urban green spaces and has caused huge damage,the occurrence characteristics and control strategies of S.invicta in these areas are largely overlooked.The occurence of S.invicta is closely associated with human disturbances such as felling,burning and soil turning,and natural factors such as biodiversity,forest canopy density and soil bareness.Due to the low levels of biological diversity and forest canopy density and high levels of human disturbances,there is a high risk of S.invicta invasion in plantation forests and adjacent areas.In natural forests,S.invicta is usually distributed in forest edges and windows,as well as burned areas where the sunlight can directly irradiate.Moreover,nurseries and urban green spaces have a high risk of S.invicta invasion because of large areas of bare soil and high levels of human activities.In areas with high levels of human activities,including plantation forests,nurseries and urban green spaces,S.invicta mainly threatens human health and infrastructure,and directly or indirectly damages trees.In addition,the invasion of S.invicta significantly decreases the abundance and diversity of arthropods in habitats and poses significant threats to wildlife in natural reserves and wetlands.Although it has been reported that S.invicta contributes to promoting seed migration and enhancing soil nutrient circulation under certain conditions,its harmful impacts far exceed its potential beneficial effects.Quarantine,monitoring and control are three important aspects to prevent S.invicta invasion in forestry.Wood,seedlings with soil,and turf are the main objects that may carry S.invicta and need to be quarantined,and fumigation can effectively eliminate S.invicta.Baiting and trapping are the

关 键 词：红火蚁 林业 发生特点 危害 综合防治 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]