破解天地会起源之谜  

Resolving the Origin of the Heaven and Earth Society

作　　者：秦宝琦[1] QIN Baoqi(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第5期1-11,共11页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：天地会是清代重要的秘密会党,多次进行反清斗争。以往学者大多通过对天地会内流传的一个悲情故事的解读,把天地会说成康熙十三年突然出现的以“反清复明”为宗旨的“民族革命团体”或“农民革命组织”。笔者通过对档案史料的挖掘、梳理和对秘密会党产生社会根源及其演化轨迹的探索,发现康熙年间仅存在异姓结拜弟兄组织,雍正年间才开始“立有会名”,成为“结会树党”的秘密会党。天地会是雍正至乾隆前半期秘密会党大量涌现的社会环境下出现的一个秘密会党。The Heaven and Earth Society was an important secret association that revolted against the ruling Qing dynasty many times.Whether considered nationalist revolutionaries or peasant revolutionaries,some scholars still consider the tragic origin myth that circulated within the Heaven and Earth Society as a reflection of the Ming loyalists'movement in the thirteenth year of the Kangxi's Reign(1662-1722).But a thorough study of the Qing archives conducted while writing the History of Secret Societies for the National Committee for the Compilation of Qing History,this article finds that the closest associations to the Heaven and Earth society were sworn brotherhood alliances of different lineage groups in the Kangxi period,and that the secret societies in the Qing did not establish their own identities until the Yongzheng period(1723-1735).The Heaven and Earth Society was just one of the named secret societies that emerged in the Yongzheng and early Qianlong's reigns.

关 键 词：异姓结拜 结会树党 天地会 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]