忠义与正统:朝鲜王朝对文天祥的认知与崇祀  

Loyalty and Orthodoxy:On the Recognition and the Worship of Wen Tianxiang in Choson Dynasty

作　　者：孙卫国[1] SUN Weiguo(Faculty of History,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第5期22-36,共15页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“韩国汉文史部文献编年与专题研究”(21&ZD242)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文天祥系中国历史上著名忠义人物,受到尊崇,也成为朝鲜王朝追捧的对象。朝鲜燕行使在北京时常瞻拜文丞相祠,《文山集》数度刊行,朝鲜君臣熟知文天祥生平事迹,成为朝鲜历史人物比附的对象。1750年,赵显命从北京购来文天祥画像,英祖君臣多番讨论,最终安置在永柔县卧龙祠中,与诸葛亮、岳飞一同崇祀,此庙变成朝鲜之“三忠祠”。卧龙祠建于宣祖年间,肃宗扩及岳飞,英祖再添入文天祥,使之成为朝鲜崇祀中华英烈的重要场所。这与大报坛崇祀明朝皇帝的意义一样,系朝鲜王朝后期尊周思明又一重要象征,宣示朝鲜王朝坚守中华正统。Wen Tianxiang was a famous loyalist figure in Chinese history,who was revered in the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties and who also became a respected figure of the Choson Korean dynasty.The Full Collection of Wen Tianxiang was published several times in the Choson dynasty.Choson Kings and ministers were familiar with Wen Tianxiang's life story,which became the topic of their discussions,but also often became one of the comparative subjects of the Korean historical figures.Cho Hyeon-myeong,a Choson envoy to Beijing brought back a portrait of Wen Tianxiang in 1750.After a series of five deliberations,the Choson King Injo finally placed it in Temple Wolong built in the King Seonjo period in Yong-yu County,together with portraits of Zhuge liang,and Yue Fei.Afterwards the temple changed its name to"Three Loyalists Temple"and it became an important place for Choson Koreans to worship the Chinese martyrs.The Temple Wolong had the same significance to the Choson Korean Royal Family's as the construction of the Daebodan Altar to revere the late Ming Emperors.The Temple Wolong was another important symbol of the late Korean Dynasty,which proclaimed that the Choson Korean Dynasty promoted the spirit of loyalty,and adhered to Chinese concepts of orthodoxy.

关 键 词：文天祥诸葛亮 毛卧龙祠 中华正统 清代中朝关系史 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]