2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(一部)花类中药来源及花粉粒特点探究  

Study on the Basic Source and Pollen Grains Characteristics of Flower Chinese Medicines in 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part Ⅰ)

作　　者：梁威 Liang Wei(School of Pharmacy,Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities,Baise 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]右江民族医学院药学院,广西百色533000

出　　处：《亚太传统医药》2023年第9期201-205,共5页Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine

基　　金：广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升计划(2019KY2565)。

摘　　要：目的:探究2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)(一部)收载花类中药的来源信息及花粉粒特点。方法:统计2020年版《中国药典》(一部)中的花类中药,建立数据库分析数量、基原植物、采收期、干燥方式、贮藏要求、花粉粒特征等信息。结果:2020年版《中国药典》(一部)共收载20科31种花类中药,占收载的616种药材和饮片的5.03%。有24种花类中药的基原植物数各为1种,有7种花类中药的基原植物数为2种及以上。31种花类中药涉及花蕾、头状花序等14种药用部位类型。有24种药材以季节为采收期,有4种药材以月份为采收期。花类中药的贮藏要求包括置干燥处、置阴凉干燥处、置通风干燥处,并要注意防潮、防蛀、防霉等。有23种花类中药记载有花粉粒且表面特征、形状、萌发孔、萌发沟、直径大小均存在差异性,其中21种花类中药的花粉粒直径在13~170μm之间。结论:31种花类中药的基原植物、药用部位、采收期、干燥方法、贮藏要求和花粉粒特点存在多样性,还需深层次分析2020年版《中国药典》记载内容以发掘该类药材的鉴别规律和研究价值。Objective:To explore the basic source information and pollen grains characteristics of flower Chinese medicines recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part Ⅰ).Methods:The flower Chinese medicines recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part Ⅰ)were counted,and a database was established to analyze the quantity,original plants,harvest time,drying methods,storage requirements,pollen grains characteristics and other information.Results:The 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part Ⅰ)contained 31 kinds of flower Chinese medicines in 20 families,accounting for 5.03% of the 616 kinds of medicinal materials and decoction pieces.The number of original plants of 24 kinds of flower Chinese medicines is 1,and 7 kinds of flower medicines are two or more.The 31 kinds of flower Chinese medicines involved 14 types of medicinal parts,such as flower buds and capitulum.There are 24 kinds of medicinal materials with seasonal harvest times,and 4 kinds of medicinal materials with monthly harvest times.The storage requirements of flower Chinese medicines included keeping in dry places,cool and dry places,ventilated and dry places,and attention should be paid to prevent moth eaten,damped,mildewed and so on.There were 23 kinds of flower Chinese medicines recorded pollen grains and their surface characteristics,shape,germination pores,germination ditches,and diameter sizes are different.Among them,the pollen grain diameter of 21 kinds of flower Chinese medicines was between 13μm~170μm.Conclusion:The original plants,medicinal parts,harvest time,drying methods,storage requirements and pollen grain characteristics of 31 kinds of flower Chinese medicines are diverse.It is necessary to deeply analyze the contents recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia to explore the identification rules and research value of flower Chinese medicines.

关 键 词：《中国药典》 花类中药 来源 药用部位 花粉粒 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]