量刑规范化改革中类案检索机制的功能实现  

The Functional Implementation of the Similar Case Retrieval Mechanism in the Reform of Sentencing Standardization

作　　者：雷小政 闫姝月 LEI Xiaozheng;YAN Shuyue(Criminal Procedure Law Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Law School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院暨未成年人检察研究中心,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期144-153,共10页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题(GJ2022D41)。

摘　　要：在量刑规范化改革中,围绕如何处理检察机关求刑权和人民法院裁判权之间的关系以及在认罪认罚案件中的主导权问题,相关争议可以概括为以下四种学理模式:“居中裁判”模式、“检法冲突”模式、“自动售货机”模式、“复读机”模式。随着司法大数据的不断公开和人工智能技术的优化发展,类案检索在提高检察官量刑建议精准性和认同度、规范法官在量刑中的法律推理和心证公开、增强新型案件量刑裁判的可接受性上被社会各界寄予厚望。当前,对类案检索的功能设定日渐出现了“技术理想主义观”和“现实主义论”的分歧。基于上,建议:进一步明确审判者司法理性的核心地位和类案检索及相关数字化技术的辅助功能;完善量刑类案中案例相似度计算模型和革新数据口径及其检索条件;制定量刑类案数据采集、运用质量控制与评价体系;基于刑事法一体化,围绕实体要件、法定程序要件、证据运用要件、刑事政策要件等加强类案的系统化建设。Concerning the reform of the standardization of sentencing,focusing on how to deal with the relaionship between the procuratorial organ’s right to seek punishment and the people’s court’s jurisdiction,as well as the issue of the dominant power in the case of confession and punishment,the relevant disputes can be summarized as the following four theoretical models:the centered judgment model,the procuratorial conflict model,the vending machine machine model,and the reread machine model.With the continuous disclosure of judicial big data and the optimization and development of artificial intelligence technology,case retrieval has been highly anticipated by various sectors of society in promoting the accuracy and recognition of sentencing recommendations by prosecutors,regulating the legal reasoning and disclosure of evidence by judges in sentencing,and enhancing the acceptability of sentencing judgments in new cases.Currently,a growing divergence emerges between the technical idealism and realism perspectives in the functional setting of case retrieval.It suggests further clarify that we should the core position of judicial rationality of judges and the auxiliary functions of case retrieval and related intelligent technologies;Improve the calculation model of case similarities in sentencing cases and innovate the data caliber and retrieval conditions;Develop a quality control and evaluation system for data collection and application in sentencing cases.Based on the integration of criminal law,the systematic construction of cases should be strengthened around substantive elements,legal procedural elements,evidence application elements,criminal policy elements,and other elements.

关 键 词：量刑规范化 类案检索机制 量刑建议 刑事法一体化 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]