棉花植株形态特征对不同水分状况的响应  

Responses of morphological characteristics ofcotton to different water conditions

作　　者：杨川 张凯 陈冰[1] 张慧 柳萍 常松 盛建东 YANG Chuan;ZHANG Kai;CHEN Bing;ZHANG Hui;LIU Ping;CHANG Song;SHENG Jiandong(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Process in Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第9期2120-2127,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年计划项目“新疆棉花水分诊断及调控技术研究”(2019Q076)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆棉花形态特征对不同水分状况的响应,为棉花水分特征的识别和科学灌溉提供参考。【方法】采用大田试验的方法,设置不同水分处理(正常滴灌量的100%、85%、75%、60%),在花蕾期和花铃期,观测正常滴灌条件下灌水周期内棉花形态特征(顶两叶距离、叶柄夹角、叶夹角)和植株含水量的变化,并比较不同灌溉量处理下棉花形态特征差异。【结果】(1)在花蕾期一个灌溉周期,灌水后叶柄夹角和棉花植株含水量表现出随时间延长而降低趋势,顶两叶距离表现出随时间延长而增加的趋势;不同灌溉量处理间植株形态存在差异,叶夹角随灌水量降低而略微降低。(2)在花铃期一个灌溉周期,灌水后叶柄夹角和棉花植株含水量表现出随时间延长而降低趋势,顶两叶距离和叶夹角表现出随时间延长而增加的趋势;不同灌溉量处理间植株形态存在差异,顶两叶距离和叶夹角随灌溉量降低而增加,叶柄夹角随灌溉量降低而降低。(3)相关分析表明,顶两叶距离与植株含水率呈显著负相关,叶柄夹角与植株含水率呈显著正相关。【结论】棉花花蕾期和花铃期,棉花形态特征指标顶两叶距离、叶柄夹角以及叶夹角对棉花水分均有较好的响应规律,可以作为大田棉花水分诊断依据。【Objective】To clarify the response of cotton morphological characteristics to different water conditions in Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis for establishing cotton moisture diagnosis technology based on morphological characteristics.【Methods】The field experiment method was used to set different water treatments(100%,85%,75%,60%of the normal drip irrigation amount)to observe the changes of cotton morphological characteristics(distance of top petioles,angle stem-petiole,angle leaves)and plant water content during the irrigation period under the normal drip irrigation condition at the bud stage,the flowering and bolling stage,and meanwhile the differences of cotton morphological characteristics under different irrigation amounts were compared.【Results】(1)In an irrigation cycle at the bud stage,after irrigation,the angle between petiole and water content of cotton plants decreased with time,and the distance between the top two leaves increased with time;There were differences in plant morphology among different irrigation treatments,and the leaf angle decreased slightly with the decrease of irrigation amount.(2)In an irrigation cycle at flowering and bolling stage,after irrigation,the angle between petiole and water content of cotton plants decreased with time,while the distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaves increased with time.There were differences in plant morphology among different irrigation treatments.The distance between the top two leaves and the angle between leaves increased with the decrease of irrigation amount,while the angle between petioles decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount.(3)Correlation analysis showed that the distance between the top two leaves was negatively correlated with plant moisture content,and the angle between petioles was positively correlated with plant moisture content.【Conclusion】To sum up,the distance between the top two leaves,the angle between petioles and the angle between leaves of cotton have a good respo

关 键 词：棉花 形态特征 含水率 水分诊断 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]