改性棉秆炭对新疆灰漠土氮肥氨挥发特征的影响  

Effect of modified cotton straw charcoal on ammonia volatilizationcharacteristics of nitrogen fertilizer in grey desert soils of Xinjiang

作　　者：朱玉洁 林玲 唐光木 张云舒 徐万里 ZHU Yujie;LIN Ling;TANG Guangmu;ZHANG Yunshu;XU Wanli(School of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部盐碱地改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第9期2128-2137,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“盐碱地改良及作物抑盐高产复合栽培”(2021YFD1900802);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同改性棉秆炭对新疆灰漠土氮肥氨挥发和土壤理化性质的影响,为棉秆炭化还田改良低产土壤提供依据。【方法】以新疆灰漠土为供试土壤,利用密闭法室内培养模拟试验,设0、200、400 mg/kg 3个施氮水平,棉秆炭(不添加棉秆炭、未改性棉秆炭、味精废液改性棉秆炭、木醋液改性棉秆炭、酒石酸改性棉秆炭)以2%土重均匀施入。研究不同改性棉秆炭及不同施氮量处理氨挥发速率、氨挥发累积量以及与灰漠土理化性质的相互关系。【结果】各处理于施基肥后第1~8 d达到氨挥发速率最大值。灰漠土氨挥发室内培养61 d后,与灰漠土处理相比,添加不同改性棉秆炭处理的氨挥发累积量增加了46.1%~99.8%。与未改性炭处理相比,味精废液改性棉秆炭和木醋液改性棉秆炭显著促进土壤氮肥氨挥发,酒石酸改性炭差异不显著。添加改性棉秆炭,可以降低新疆灰漠土壤的pH、增加土壤中的全氮和有机碳含量以及电导率。改性炭对土壤氨挥发起促进作用的主要是土壤的电导率和土壤全氮含量,而pH表现出抑制效应。土壤全氮含量对土壤氨挥发有一定的积极作用,且受到有机碳的影响较小,未达到显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】利用味精废液、木醋液、酒石酸3种材料改变棉秆炭特性,酒石酸改性炭抑制灰漠土中氨挥发的效果最好。【Objective】To investigate the effects of different modified cotton straw charcoal on the volatilization of nitrogen and fertilizer ammonia and soil physicochemical properties in Xinjiang grey desert soils in the hope of providing a basis for the return of cotton straw charcoal to improve low-yielding soils.【Methods】Xinjiang grey desert soil was taken as the test soil,an indoor incubation simulation experiment was conducted by using the closed method.Three nitrogen application levels of 0,200 and 400 mg/kg were set,and cotton straw charcoal(no added cotton straw charcoal,unmodified cotton straw charcoal,monosodium glutamate waste modified cotton straw charcoal,wood vinegar liquid modified cotton straw charcoal and tartaric acid modified cotton straw charcoal)was applied uniformly at 2%soil weight.The rate of ammonia volatilization,the accumulation of ammonia volatilization and the correlation with the physicochemical properties of grey desert soils were studied for different modified cotton straw charcoal and different treatments of nitrogen application.【Results】The ammonia volatilization rate of each treatment reached the maximum value on day 1-8 after basal fertilizer application.After 61 days of indoor culture of ammonia volatilization in ash desert soil,compared with the ash desert soil treatment,the ammonia volatilization accumulation increased by 46.1%-99.8%in the treatment with different modified cotton-stalk carbon.Compared with unmodified carbon treatment,cotton stalk carbon modified by monosodium glutamate waste liquor and wood vinegar liquor significantly promoted ammonia volatilization of soil nitrogen fertilizer,while tartaric acid modified carbon had no significant difference.Adding modified cotton-stalk carbon could decrease pH,increase total nitrogen and organic carbon content and electrical conductivity of Xinjiang ash desert soil.Correlation analysis showed that the carbon modified by monosodium glutamate waste liquor and wood vinegar liquor promoted the evaporation of ammonia mainly

关 键 词：棉秆炭 灰漠土 氨挥发 土壤性质 室内培养 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]