氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the yield andnutrient absorption of cotton and nitrate nitrogenunder chemical fertilizer reduction

作　　者：杨国江[1] 陈云[1] 林祥群[2] 何江勇[1] 刘盛林 曲永清 YANG Guojiang;CHEN Yun;LIN Xiangqun;HE Jiangyong;LIU Shenglin;QU Yongqing(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,PR China,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational Technical College,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Xinjiang Fertile Soil and Strong Seedling Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd,Karamay Xinjiang 834032,China;Xinye Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Biological Development Co.,Ltd,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆石河子职业技术学院,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆沃土壮苗农业科技有限公司,新疆克拉玛依834032 [4]新疆石河子新业农牧生物发展有限公司,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第9期2138-2145,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目“主要作物精准施肥一体化技术和装备研发及应用示范”(2020AB018);新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科技攻关项目“北疆地区棉花生长全程沼液配肥系统技术集成与示范”(2021C14)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较氮肥减施条件下有机肥替代在滴灌棉花上的肥效及其对土壤硝态氮的影响,以选择合适的有机肥替代氮肥技术,提高氮肥利用率。【方法】试验设5个处理,分别为(1)不施氮肥(N 0);(2)习惯施肥(N 300);(3)习惯施肥减氮20%(N 240);(4)习惯施肥减氮20%后,75%由尿素提供,25%由有机肥提供(N 180 MN 60);(5)在处理(4)的基础上增加黄腐酸150 kg/hm^(2)(N 180 MN 60 FA)。分析有机肥替代氮肥技术对棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】(1)与习惯施肥相比,N 180 MN 60 FA显著增加棉花干物质量,增产3.3%~6.4%;而有机肥替代部分氮肥与习惯施肥的棉花干物质与产量大体相同。(2)与习惯施肥相比,N 180 MN 60、N 180 MN 60 FA的棉花氮素吸收量没有显著差异,但氮肥利用率分别增加了8.4和11.0个百分点,减少了土壤氮素盈余。(3)等氮量条件下,N 180 MN 60 FA显著增加了土壤硝态氮含量。【结论】在减氮20%条件下,有机肥替代部分氮肥再配施黄腐酸的效果优于习惯施肥,而有机肥替代部分氮肥效果与习惯施肥相当。【Objective】To compare the fertilizer efficiency of organic manure replacement in drip irrigation cotton and the difference in soil nitrate nitrogen(N)under nitrogen reduction,so as to select suitable organic manure replacement N technology and improve N utilization rate.【Methods】Five treatments were set:(1)No N fertilizer(N 0).(2)Customary fertilization(N 300).(3)N reduction by 20%(N 240)under customary fertilization.(4)A 20%N reduction afterwards by conventional fertilization,75%N was provided by urea and 25%N by organic manure(N 180 MN 60).(5)Fulvic acid 150 kg/hm^(2) addition(N 180 MN 60 FA)on the basis of treatment(4).After that,the effects of organic manure replacing N fertilizer on cotton yield and N use efficiency were analyzed.【Results】(1)Compared with conventional fertilization,N 180 MN 60 FA significantly increased cotton biomass and increased yield by 3.3%-6.4%.Cotton biomass and yield of organic manure replaced part of N fertilizer were roughly the same.(2)Compared with conventional fertilization,N 180 MN 60 and N 180 MN 60 FA had no significant difference in N uptake,but the N use efficiency increased by 8.4 and 11.0 percentage points respectively,and the soil N surplus was reduced.(3)Under constant N content,N 180 MN 60 FA significantly increased soil nitrate N.【Conclusion】Under the condition of 20%N reduction,the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer combined with fulvic acid is better than that of conventional fertilizer,and the effect of organic manure replacing part of N fertilizer is similar to that of conventional fertilizer.

关 键 词：有机肥替代 氮肥 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S14