清代苏州潘氏的京城仕途与宗族荣衰  

The Official Careers in Beijing and Clan Prosperity and Decline of Suzhou Pan family in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张淑贤 ZHANG Su-xian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《北方论丛》2023年第5期144-154,共11页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代江南望族潘氏与苏州社会治理研究”(20CZS067)。

摘　　要：苏州潘氏宗族通过科举考试由商转士,长期秉持“经世致用”精神,族中为官者在京城经营仕途长达百余年。其中,潘世恩、潘祖荫祖孙二人为潘氏的京官典型,他们为官谨慎,重视人才,不结派系,受到清帝信任,因而成为苏州本族经营的重要政治依靠。不过,潘祖荫固守传统的“经世”观念,未意识到西方资本主义浪潮冲击带来的深层危机。潘祖荫身后,苏州潘氏再无入朝为官者,其本族也随之衰落,转而涉足实业以谋生,甚至成为辛亥革命的支持者。在清代官僚体制下,苏州潘氏的“为官”与“兴族”密切相关,但由于清末族中京官后继无人,科举制废除,其宗族发展模式被迫转型。Suzhou Pan clan,through the imperial examination system,achieved the transition from merchants to scholars.They have long upheld the spirit of“applying knowledge to practical use”,and the officials in the clan managed their official career in the capital for more than 100 years.Among them,Pan Shien and his grandson Pan Zuyin are typical examples of the Pan Clan’s officials in the capital city.They were cautious in their official duties,valued talent,and did not form factions.?As a result,they gained the trust of the Qing Dynasty emperor and became important political reliance of the Suzhou branch of the clan.However,Pan Zuyin stuck to the traditional concept of governance and did not realize the deep crisis brought by the wave of Western capitalism.After Pan Zuyin,no member in the Pan clan entered the court as an official.The clan subsequently declined,turning to industry to make a living,and even becoming supporters of the Revolution of 1911.Under the bureaucratic system of Qing Dynasty,the prosperity of the clan was closely related to the official rank of the family members.However,due to the lack of successors holding high-ranking positions in the imperial court in the late Qing Dynasty and the abolition of the imperial examination system,the development model of their clan was forced to undergo a transformation.

关 键 词：苏州潘氏 清代政治 经世致用 宗族 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]