高原海拔5000 m以上尼玛县藏民健康体检情况分析  

Analysis on the health checks of the Tibetans in the Nima County who lived in the plateau 5000 meters above sea level

作　　者：谢毅 李喆 白玛次仁 于菲菲 Xie Yi;Li Zhe;Bai Maciren;Yu Feifei(Naval Medical Center,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200052,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学海军特色医学中心,上海200052 [2]西藏自治区尼玛县人民医院

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2023年第8期779-782,共4页Journal of Navy Medicine

基　　金：海军特色医学中心卓优人才工程“优秀青年人才”项目(21TPQN1601)。

摘　　要：目的通过体检调查分析高原海拔5000 m以上尼玛县藏民疾病的发生规律。方法2020年6月对尼玛县周边自然村的404名藏民进行健康体检,分析数据。结果体检结果显示,疾病检出率前8位分别为谷丙转氨酶升高(41.6%)、高胆红素血症(41.3%)、高血压病(29.5%)、脂肪肝(17.1%)、高原红细胞增多症(15.6%)、胆囊结石(14.9%)、“乙肝大三阳”(14.1%)和高尿酸血症(12.4%)。主诉有长期头痛、关节疼痛、长期胸闷症状的患者分别占比45.8%、22.3%、17.1%。不同性别人群在长期头痛、谷丙转氨酶升高、高血压病、高尿酸血症检出率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年龄段人群在高血压病、关节疼痛、长期胸闷、脂肪肝、胆囊结石检出率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高原红细胞增多症与肝功能异常、高血压病之间有相关性(P<0.01)。结论肝功能异常、高血压病、脂肪肝、高原红细胞增多症、胆囊结石和乙型病毒性肝炎是尼玛县藏民的高发疾病,其发病与高原特殊环境、饮食生活习惯以及乙肝疫苗接种率有关。Objective To analyze the prevalent pattern of diseases above 5000 meters sea level through physical checks.Methods Health checks were performed in June 2020 among the Tibetans from the natural villages of Nima County and the obtained data were statistically analyzed.Results The top 8 indicators detected through health checks were:elevated alanine transaminase(41.6%),hyperbilirubinemia(41.3%),hypertension(29.5%),fatty liver(17.1%),plateau erythrocytosis(15.6%),gallstone(14.9%),"hepatitis B(HBsAg+,HBeAg+,and HBcAb+)"(14.1%)and hyperuricemia(12.4%).The patients complaining of chronic headache,joint pain and chronic chest tightness symptoms accounted for 45.8%,22.3%and 17.1%respectively.There were statistical differences in the detection rates of chronic headache,elevated alanine transaminase,hypertension,and hyperuricemia,when comparisons were made between different gender populations(P<0.01).There was also statistical significance in the detection rates of hypertension,joint pain,chronic chest tightness,fatty liver and gallstone among the population with different age groups(P<0.01).Plateau erythrocytosis was associated with abnormal liver function and hypertension(P<0.01).Conclusion Abnormal liver function,hypertension,fatty liver,plateau erythrocytosis,gallstone and hepatitis B are the main high prevalence diseases in the plateau,the incidence of which is closely associated with the special environment,dietary and living habits,as well as vaccination rate of hepatitis B.

关 键 词：高原 藏民 健康体检 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]