梨火疫病防治用药对意大利蜜蜂的急性毒性与风险评价  

Acute toxicity and risk assessment of pesticides aginst pear fire blight on Italian honeybees

作　　者：班学 马翔宇 张飞鹏 张王斌[1] BAN Xue;MA Xiangyu;ZHANG Feipeng;ZHANG Wangbin(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第9期2160-2168,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2018AB038,1221015)。

摘　　要：为明确梨火疫病防治用药对意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)的生态风险,参照GB/T 31270.10—2014《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则第10部分:蜜蜂急性毒性试验》在室内采用连续摄入法和接触法测定7种杀菌剂对意大利蜜蜂的急性毒性,并引入危害熵值(HQ)就其生态风险作初步评价。急性毒性试验结果表明,45%中生菌素原药、85%春雷霉素原药和4%春雷霉素水剂对意大利蜜蜂的48 h致死中浓度(LC_(50),以有效成分计,下同)和半致死剂量(LD_(50),以单只蜜蜂、有效成分计,下同)分别为208、253、247 mg·L^(-1)和412、2434、223μg,毒性等级为低毒;0.3%四霉素水剂对意大利蜜蜂的48 h LC_(50)和LD_(50)分别为45 mg·L^(-1)和2.86μg,毒性等级为中毒;3%中生菌素可溶液剂、3%噻霉酮微乳剂和47%春雷·王铜可湿性粉剂对意大利蜜蜂的48 h LC_(50)分别为110、65、107 mg·L^(-1),48 h LD 50分别为193、22、480μg,判定其急性经口毒性为中毒、急性接触毒性为低毒。风险评价结果表明,3%噻霉酮微乳剂和0.3%四霉素水剂的HQ分别为75.0、340.9,属于中风险;3%中生菌素可溶液剂、4%春雷霉素水剂和47%春雷·王铜可湿性粉剂的HQ分别为8.5、5.3、3.1,属于低风险。因此,库尔勒香梨生产中可优先选择中生菌素、春雷霉素、春雷·王铜这3种低风险农药来防治梨火疫病。当施用噻霉酮、四霉素时,应采取相关措施降低其对蜜蜂的毒性风险。In order to clarify the ecological risk of pesticides against pear fire blight on Italian honeybees(Apis mellifera ligustica),the acute toxicity of seven pesticides was determined indoors through continuous intaking and dripping experiments under the guidance of national standard GB/T 31270.10—2014“Test guidelines on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides part 10:honeybee acute toxicity test”.The risk assessment was carried out according to the introduced hazard quotients(HQ).The results of the acute toxicity test showed that,the 48 h median lethal concentration(LC_(50),recorded by active ingredients,the same as below)and median lethal dose(LD_(50),recorded by single bee and active ingredients)of 45%zhongshengmycin TC(technical material),85%kasugamycin TC and 4%kasugamycin AS(aqueous solution)were 208,253,247 mg·L^(-1)and 412,2434,223μg,respectively,which indicated low toxicity.The 48 h LC_(50)and LD 50 of 0.3%ehydroxide AS were 45 mg·L^(-1)and 2.86μg,respectively,which indicated moderate toxicity.In the acute oral toxicity test,the 48 h LC_(50)of 3%zhongshengmycin SL(soluble concentrate),3%benziothiazolinone ME(microemulsion)and 47%kasugamycin copper oxychloride WP(water powder)was 110,65,107 mg·L^(-1),which indicated moderate toxicity;while in the acute contact toxicy test,the 48 h LD_(50)of these pesticides was 193,22,480μg,respectively,which indicated low toxicity.The HQ of 3%benziothiazolinone ME and 0.3%ehydroxide AS was 75.0 and 340.9,respectively,which indicated moderate risk,while the HQ of 3%zhongshengmycin SL,4%kasugamycin AS and 47%kasugamycin copper oxychloride WP was 8.5,5.3 and 3.1,respectively,which indicated low risk.Therefore,in the production of Korla pear,zhongshengmycin,kasugamycin and kasugamycin copper oxychloride were preferred to control pear fire blight.For application of ehydroxide and benziothiazolinone,relevant measures should be taken to reduce the risk of toxicity upon honeybees.

关 键 词：意大利蜜蜂 杀菌剂 急性毒性 毒力测定 风险评价 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] Q965.9[农业科学—植物保护]