湖北省“三夏”秸秆收储利用概况及典型案例分析  

Overview and Classic Typical Mode Analysis of Sanxia Straw Purchase and Storage in Hubei Province

作　　者：关金菊 潘思睿 曹宝群 李志朋 郭继辉 刘婷婷 金柯达 GUAN Jinju;PAN Sirui;CAO Baoqun;LI Zhipeng;Guo Jihui;LIU Tingting;JIN Keda(Rural Energy Office of Zhongxiang,Jingmen 431900,China;Chinese-German Institute of Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Rural Energy Office of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430071,China;College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]钟祥市农村能源办公室,湖北荆门431900 [2]浙江科技学院中德工程师学院,浙江杭州310023 [3]湖北省农村能源办公室,湖北武汉430071 [4]华中农业大学工学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国沼气》2023年第5期73-80,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51406064)。

摘　　要：推进农作物秸秆综合利用,是提升耕地质量,改善农村环境的重要举措。为更好地了解湖北省农作物秸秆综合利用水平,选取湖北省14个市,通过实地调研、问卷调查以及典型案例分析,对湖北省秸秆还田和离田比例进行统计,并对秸秆收储运体系及综合利用概况进行评估。调研结果显示:14个市中仅有襄州区为大部分秸秆离田利用,其他县市秸秆还田作业面积占总收获面积比例达60%及以上。还田利用中,秸秆主要以粉碎还田为主,不同秸秆还田方式会产生一定成本差异。尽管粉碎还田比直接还田每亩增加约10元的经济成本,但直接还田不利于作物根系扎深,导致后茬作物易倒伏、产量低。对于离田作业,大部分地区以机械打捆为主,其打捆成本主要集中在每亩60~80元,运输半径越大对应的运输成本越高,但其增长幅度并不成正比。最后,针对调研过程中所发现的问题,提出了相关建议,以期为提升湖北省秸秆综合利用水平提供参考。Promoting straws comprehensive utilization is an important way to improve the quality of cultivated lands and ameliorate rural environment.In order to have a deeper understanding of the comprehensive level of the using of straws in Hubei Province,this research chose 14 cities in Hubei Province,and we collected data of the percentage of the straws’usage in and out of the fields through field survey,questionnaire survey and analysis of typical examples.Meanwhile,authors assess the system of straws’collection,storage,and comprehensive usage through collected data.The result of the investigation showed that among the 14 cities,only Xiangzhou is responsible for the majority of straws are used outside the field,while other cities’straws that used inside the field has a percentage of 60%and higher.In the process of using the straws inside the field,the straws are mainly shattered before using.Different ways of using the straws inside the field has differences on the prime cost.Although shattering is￥10 more expensive than using them without disposing,but undisposed straws is not beneficial for the crops to root,and may cause the upcoming crops to lodge and have lower yields.For the straws used outside the fields,most cities choose to use mechanical ways to bind them together.The prime cost of that is mostly around￥60~80 per mu.The bigger the radius of transportation is,the higher the cost will be.But the rate of the increased price is not strictly direct proportion.In the end,for the problem we discovered during investigation,we gave corresponding advice to them,and we wish that this can become a reference for improving Hubei Province’s level of comprehensive using of straws.

关 键 词：秸秆综合利用 秸秆还田 秸秆离田 秸秆收储运 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]