铑在三效催化剂中的应用  

Application of rhodium in three-way catalysts

作　　者：王国栋 陆炳 郑婷婷 袁新波 夏文正 顾绍晶 WANG Guodong;LU Bing;ZHENG Tingting;YUAN Xinbo;XIA Wenzheng;GU shaojing(SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co.Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,Guangxi China;Kunming Sino-platinum Metals Catalysts Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司,广西柳州545007 [2]昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司,昆明650106

出　　处：《贵金属》2023年第3期90-96,共7页Precious Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金(No.22162015);云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(No.2019FB146)。

摘　　要：铑因其较优的抗老化性能、抗硫中毒能力和对氮氧化物良好的处理能力及优异的N2选择性,在三效催化剂中得到了大量应用。近年来由于Rh价格节节攀升,提高Rh的利用率,降低使用量是当前亟待解决的问题。基于40多篇文献的分析,从尾气净化反应中Rh的状态、催化剂载体优化、制备方法的影响和催化剂设计几方面综述了Rh基催化剂相关技术的研究现状。通过对载体、载体与Rh的相互作用、Rh与Pd和Pt的相互作用的优化,可以提高贵金属Rh的利用率。另外催化剂的结构设计对降低贵金属Rh用量也有很大作用,针对性地设计催化剂中贵金属的分布可以在保持或提升催化剂活性的前提下降低催化剂成本。Rh has been used in three-way catalysts owing to its superior anti-sintering performance,resistance to sulfur poisoning,unique capacity of reducing NOx and excellent selectivity for N2.In recent years,due to the high price of Rh,increasing the utilization rate of Rh and reducing the consumption are the urgent problems to be solved.Based on the analysis of more than 40 literatures,the development status of Rh-based catalysts and related technologies has been reviewed in this paper from the aspects of chemical states of Rh in the exhaust gas purification reaction,the catalyst support optimization,the influence of preparation method and the catalyst design.The utilization of Rh can be improved by optimizing the support and enhancing the interaction between the support and Rh as well as between Rh and Pd or Pt.In addition,the structural design of the catalysts has great effect on the loading amount of Rh.Optimizing the distribution of noble metals in catalysts can also reduce the costs while maintaining and even improving catalytic activity.

关 键 词：三效催化剂 铑 氧化铝 磷酸盐 铈锆复合氧化物 催化剂设计 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学]