一维驻波场增强的里德堡原子微波测量  

Microwave Electric Fields Measurement with One-dimensional Standing-wave Fields Based on Rydberg Atoms

作　　者：李可[1,2] 田建飞 张好 景明勇[1,2] 张临杰 LI Ke;TIAN Jianfei;ZHANG Hao;JING Mingyong;ZHANG Linjie(State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,Institute of Laser Spectroscopy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室激光光谱研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学极端光学协同创新中心,太原030006

出　　处：《光子学报》2023年第9期252-260,共9页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFA1404003);国家自然科学基金(Nos.61827824,61975104,12104279);中国-白俄罗斯电磁环境效应“一带一路”联合实验室基金(No.ZBKF2022030201);山西省重点研发计划(No.202102150101001)。

摘　　要：研究了基于里德堡原子电磁诱导透明效应的耦合光一维驻波场增强的微波电场传感。利用模式匹配反射光场,在高增透镀膜的铯原子气室中形成了里德堡原子三能级体系中耦合光的一维驻波场,并在此基础上进行了幅度调制微波电场测量。实验结果表明,在不额外增加耦合光激光器输出功率的情况下,一维耦合光驻波场导致了耦合光功率的相干增强,电磁诱导透明光谱强度和线宽都显著增加。详细比较了一维驻波场增强与直接增加耦合光功率在测量不同功率微波时的表现,结果表明在较低微波功率下一维驻波场增强测量微波频率信噪比提升约4 dB,瞬时带宽增加1.38倍,同时频率响应曲线更为平坦;在较高微波功率条件下,无驻波场存在的微波响应曲线呈现出明显的双峰形态,而一维驻波场的形成可有效消除双峰特征,表现为平坦响应特征。研究结果对实现低功耗、频率响应曲线平坦、自校准微波电场测量传感器具有重要的参考价值。Due to the large distance between the electrons and the nucleus and the large electric dipole moment,the interatomic interaction of the Rydberg atoms are weaker than those of the ground-state atoms.Therefore,the external electric field has a greater influence on the Rydberg atoms.This property leads to the fact that the Rydberg atoms is extremely sensitive to the external electric field.Therefore,electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms is a hot spot,especially in microwave electric field measurement.In addition,thanks to the long lifetime of the Rydberg atoms,there are possibilities to achieve higher sensitivity beyond classic electric dipole antenna.Enhancement measurement of microwave electric field is demonstrated based on the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency(EIT)effect of the Rydberg atoms,in which a one-dimensional standing wave of coupling light field is formed.This paper presents comprehensive research for measuring microwave electric field based on the coherent enhancement of a one-dimensional standing wave field of coupling light based on the electromagnetic induction effect of Rydberg atoms.A four-level system of cesium atoms at room temperature is constructed.At first,the cesium atoms in the ground-state(6S1/2)are excited to the immediate state(6P3/2)by a diode laser(probe light,~852 nm).Secondly,a 510 nm laser(coupling light)exits the immediate state atoms to the Rydberg state.The transmission of the probe light,which is derived from the electromagnetic induced transparency effect,is recorded.In an atom vapor cell with an antireflection film coating at the wavelength of coupling light,a one-dimensional standing wave field of coupling light is achieved using a mode-matching reflection optical path.The influence of the coherent enhancement of the one-dimensional standing wave coupling light field on the electromagnetically induced transparency transmission is observed and analyzed.Then,the cesium atoms are coupled with the nearby Rydberg state by the incoming microwave electric field.T

关 键 词：里德堡原子 一维驻波场 电磁诱导透明光谱 微波电场测量 阶梯型三能级系统 

分 类 号：O433.1[机械工程—光学工程]