坝上地区不同草地利用方式对植被和土壤特征的影响  

Effects of different grassland utilization patterns on plant and soil characteristics in the Bashang area of northern Hebei Province

作　　者：李玉雯 朱占军 王雨晴 高云昌 马增旺 李玉灵[1,3] 刘玉华 李晓刚 LI Yuwen;ZHU Zhanjun;WANG Yuqing;GAO Yunchang;MA Zengwang;LI Yuling;LIU Yuhua;LI Xiaogang(College of Forestry,Hebei Agriculture University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China;Fengning National Long-term Observation and Research Station for Sandy Land Ecosystem of Hebei,Fengning 068350,Hebei,China;Chengde Yudaokou Agricultural Reclamation Industrial Group Co.,Ltd.,Weichang 068450,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省林业和草原科学研究院,河北石家庄050000 [3]河北丰宁沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,河北丰宁068350 [4]承德市屯垦御道农垦实业集团有限公司,河北围场068450

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第9期2213-2225,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目“坝上草原生态系统退化成因与植被修复关键技术研究”(19226814D);河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目“坝上地区人工造林对水分循环的影响研究”(KY2021033)。

摘　　要：夜晚偷牧和骑马旅游是冀北坝上地区对草地的两种主要利用方式,其对该地区草地生态系统的影响尚不明确。本研究在承德丰宁满族自治县,以夜晚偷牧利用草地(半禁牧草地)和骑马旅游利用草地(旅游草地)为研究对象,以禁牧草地为对照,采用野外调查、室内测定和数据统计相结合的方法,分析了两种利用方式对草地植被群落和土壤特征的影响。结果表明:半禁牧草地多年生草本植物的优势度,旅游草地一、二年生草本植物的种数和优势度均小于禁牧草地。半禁牧草地的高度、盖度、地上生物量、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef丰富度指数及土壤碱解氮、全钾、速效钾含量和pH均显著小于禁牧草地(P<0.05),土壤的非毛管孔隙度显著大于禁牧草地(P<0.05)。旅游草地植被的高度、盖度、丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数,土壤碱解氮和全钾含量均显著小于半禁牧草地(P<0.05),土壤非毛管孔隙度显著大于半禁牧草地(P<0.05)。半禁牧草土壤大团聚体含量显著大于禁牧草地(P<0.05)。综上所述,夜晚偷牧和骑马旅游对草地具有不同的选择压力,夜晚偷牧的干扰强度比骑马旅游弱。骑马旅游是导致坝上地区土壤沙化的重要因素,减少骑马旅游是维持冀北坝上草原生态系统可持续利用的重要途径之一。Night grazing and horseback riding tourisi main uses of grassland in the Bashang area of northern Hebei;however,their corresponding effects on the grassland ecosystem remain unclear.Therefore,we used a combined method of field surveying,indoor measurement,and data analysis to evaluate the effects of these two types of grassland uses on the vegetation communities and soil characteristics within Fengning Manchu Autonomous County,Chengde;in particular,we used night grazing(indicating semi-prohibited grassland)and horseback riding tourism(indicating tourist grassland)as the research groups,and no-grazing grassland(indicating no-grazing grassland)as the control.The corresponding results demonstrated that there was a dominance of perennial herbaceous plants in the semi-grazing grassland;further,the number of species and dominance of the first-and second-year herbaceous plants in the tourist grassland were lower than those in the no-grazing grassland.The height,coverage,aboveground biomass,Simpson index,Shannon–Wiener index,and Margalef richness index of the vegetation,and the available nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,and pH of the soil were determined to be significantly lower in semi-grazing grassland and tourism grassland than those in the no-grazing grassland(P<0.05);additionally,the non-capillary porosity of soil was significantly higher in semi-grazing grassland and tourism grassland than that of the no-grazing grassland(P<0.05).Moreover,the height,coverage,richness and Shannon–Wiener index of the vegetation,and the available nitrogen and total potassium content of soil were significantly lower in the tourist grassland than those in the semi-grazing grassland(P<0.05);similarly,the non-capillary porosity of the soil was significantly higher in the tourist grassland than that in the semi-grazing grassland.Finally,the large aggregate content was determined to be significantly lower in the semi-grazing grassland than that in the no-grazing grassland(P<0.05).In conclusion,night grazing and horseback ri

关 键 词：夜晚偷牧 骑马旅游 植物生长 植被群落多样性 一、二年生植物 多年生植物 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]