三江平原湿地小叶章功能性状对氮添加的响应  

Response of functional traits of Deyeuxia angustifolia to nitrogen addition in Sanjiang Plain Wetland

作　　者：李旭 曹宏杰[2] 柴春荣[2] 付晓玲[2] 王继丰[2] 董海鹏 孙杰 刘赢男[2] 穆立蔷[1] LI Xu;CAO Hongjie;CHAI Chunrong;FU Xiaoling;WANG Jifeng;DONG Haipeng;SUN Jie;LIU Yingnan;MU Liqiang(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Institute of Nature and Ecology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第9期2226-2237,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19C006-6);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY20B15);黑龙江省科学院双提雁阵特别计划(YZ202003);国家“十四五”重点研发计划课题(2022YFF1300905)。

摘　　要：小叶章(Deyeuxiaangustifolia)为三江平原典型沼泽化湿地优势植物,通过野外原位控制试验,研究该物种对氮添加水平和氮素形态的适应性及响应规律,为预测大气氮沉降通量增加及氮素形态变化后湿地植被变化提供科学依据。试验设置3种氮素形态(硝态氮、铵态氮、有机态氮)、3种氮添加水平[4、8、12 g·(m^(2)·a)^(-1)],以及1个对照(不添加氮素),共10个处理,分析各处理间小叶章功能性状的差异。结果表明:在硝态氮与铵态氮作用下,小叶章的基径、节间长、叶片数、地上生物量及茎、叶生物量均随施氮量的增加而增大,中、高氮水平下,铵态氮更侧重于促进小叶章的茎生长,硝态氮对小叶章的叶生长影响显著,有机态氮显著影响小叶章分枝数、叶片数量(P<0.05)。节间数、分枝数、叶片数和生物量随无机态氮添加量增加而增大,有机态氮则趋势相反。施氮后,小叶章叶生物量占比升高。研究结果表明:小叶章对有机态氮的耐受范围小,对无机态氮的耐受范围大。施氮能促进三江平原小叶章的生长和生物量积累,增加叶生物量比重,降低茎和穗生物量比重。Deyeuxia angustifolia is a dominant plant in typical marshy wetlands in Sanjiang Plain.Through in situ field control experiments,the adaptability and response law of the species to the nitrogen addition level and nitrogen form were studied,providing a scientific basis for predicting the change in the wetland vegetation population after an increase in the atmospheric nitrogen deposition flux and the change in the nitrogen form.Three nitrogen forms were tested in the experiment with nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and organic nitrogen,with three nitrogen addition levels[4,8,and 12 g·(m^(2)·a)^(-1)],and a control(no nitrogen added).A total of ten treatments were used to analyze the differences in the functional properties of D.angustifolia.The results showed that,under the action of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen,the basal diameter,internode length,leaf number,aboveground biomass,and stem and leaf biomass of D.angustifolia increased with the increase in the nitrogen application rate.Under the medium and high nitrogen levels,ammonium nitrogen mainly promoted stem growth,nitrate nitrogen had a significant impact on leaf growth,and organic nitrogen had a significant impact on the branch number and leaf number of D.angustifolia(P<0.05).The number of internodes,branches,leaves,and biomass increased with the increase in inorganic nitrogen,while organic nitrogen followed the opposite trend.After applying nitrogen,the leaf biomass of D.angustifolia increased.Conclusion:The tolerance range of D.angustifolia to organic nitrogen is small,but that to inorganic nitrogen is large.Nitrogen application can promote the growth and biomass accumulation of D.angustifolia in Sanjiang Plain,increase the proportion of leaf biomass,and decrease the proportion of stem and tassel biomass.

关 键 词：小叶章 氮添加 氮素形态 生长特征 生物量 湿地 三江平原 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]