不同添加剂处理柞树叶青贮对延边黄牛体外发酵瘤胃降解率和微生物菌群的影响  

Effects of silage of oak leaves treated with different additives on rumen degradation rate and microbial community of Yanbian cattle in vitro fermentation

作　　者：潘敏慧 黄小乘 田怡豪 孙占微 李成云[1,2,3] PAN Minhui;HUANG Xiaocheng;TIAN Yihao;SUN Zhanwei;LI Chengyun(Agriculural College,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin,China;Innovtrion Center of Beef Cale Science and Industry Technology,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Beef Cattle Science and Technology Innovation in Northeast Cold Region,Yanji 133002,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]延边大学肉牛科学与产业技术协同创新中心,吉林延吉133002 [3]东北寒区肉牛科技创新教育部工程研究中心,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第9期2384-2400,共17页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460620)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在分析不同添加剂处理柞树叶青贮对延边黄牛体外发酵瘤胃降解率和微生物菌群的影响。选择4头平均体重为(443.3±26.7)kg、装有永久性瘤胃屡管的延边黄牛公牛为瘤胃液供体。将青贮的柞树叶按照添加发酵添加剂的不同分为糖蜜组(M)、乳酸菌组(LAB)、EM菌组(一种混合菌一般包括光合菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌等有益菌类)(EM)、石灰水组(LW)、乳酸菌+糖蜜组(LAB-M)以及EM菌+糖蜜组(EM-M),每组3个重复。体外发酵48 h后,计算中性洗涤纤维降解率、干物质降解率以及粗蛋白质的降解率,并提取瘤胃液中的细菌总DNA,进行PCR扩增后用Illumina Hi Seq 2500测序平台进行高通量测序。结果表明:各青贮柞树叶试验组的干物质、粗蛋白质以及中性洗涤纤维的降解率均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),EM组和EM-M组降解率增加最显著。LW组的干物质降解率、粗蛋白质降解率和中性洗涤纤维降解率显著低于其余的5个组(P<0.05)。不同发酵添加剂的青贮柞树叶对延边黄牛体外发酵瘤胃微生物菌群无显著影响(P>0.05)。在门水平上,变形菌门、拟杆菌门以及厚壁菌门是反刍动物瘤胃内的主要微生物菌群。在属水平上,不动杆菌属、普氏菌属、弓形杆菌属是主要微生物菌群。综上所述,不同添加剂可以有效地改善瘤胃降解环境,提高瘤胃降解率。其中,EM组和EM-M组效果较好,且各试验组对于延边黄牛瘤胃微生物整体区系构成、微生物多样性以及微生物的丰度均无显著影响。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different additives on the rumen degradation rate and microbial community of Yanbian cattle treated with oak leaf silage via in vitro fermentation.Four Yanbian cows with an average weight of(443.3±26.7)kg and permanent rumen tubes were selected as rumen fluid donors.The silage oak leaves were divided into the molasses group(M group),lactic acid bacteria group(LAB group),effective microorganisms(a mixed group generally including photosynthetic bacteria,yeast,lactic acid bacteria,and other beneficial bacteria;EM group),lime water group(LW group),lactic acid bacteria and molasses group(LAB-M group),and EM and molasses group(EM-M group)according to different fermentation additives,with three replicates in each group.After 48 h of in vitro fermentation,the neutral detergent fiber degradation rate,dry matter degradation rate,and crude protein degradation rate were calculated,and total bacterial DNA was extracted from rumen fluid for PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing using an Illumina Hi-Seq 2500 sequencing platform.The results showed that the degradation rates of dry matter,crude protein,and neutral detergent fiber in each oak leaf silage test group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the degradation rates of the EM and EM-M groups exhibited the most significant increase.The dry matter,crude protein,and neutral detergent fiber degradation rates of the LW group were significantly lower than those of the other five groups(P<0.05).Silage oak leaves with different fermentation additives had no significant effects on the rumen microflora of Yanbian cattle via in vitro fermentation(P>0.05).At the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,and Firmicutes were the main microbial flora in the rumen of ruminants.At the genus level,Acinetobacter,Prevotella,and Arcobacter were the main microbial flora.In conclusion,different additives can effectively improve the rumen degradation environment and rate.Among them,EM and EM-M groups

关 键 词：青贮添加剂 瘤胃降解率 EM菌 糖蜜 乳酸菌 石灰水 高通量测序 反刍动物 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]