小农户的现代化:农业社会化服务的组织化供给机制探讨  

The Modernization of Small⁃scale Household Farming:Dynamics of Rural Collective Organization⁃based Supply of Agricultural Contracting Services

作　　者：陈义媛[1] CHEN Yiyuan

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期52-62,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金一般项目“京郊农村小农户与现代农业有机衔接的路径”(20SRB003)。

摘　　要：在有关农业社会化服务的讨论中,受关注较多的是各类经营主体提供的市场化服务,而对村集体提供的组织化服务讨论较少。本文以寿光市蔬菜大棚的旧棚改造为案例,讨论了村集体如何作为农业社会化服务主体发挥作用。在寿光市平沙村蔬菜大棚的旧棚改造案例中,村集体通过提供统筹服务,低成本地解决了小农户在产业升级中遇到的两个难题:因农户分化而导致的利益协调难题和农户自发进行旧棚改造导致的土地低效利用难题。村集体通过“返租”土地的方式对土地进行了整合和重新规划,让有意愿进行产业升级的农户可以在规划区域内新建大棚,不愿意新建大棚的农户则可以通过旧棚置换,在规划区域外的地块上继续种植,这一规划使土地得到了最大化的利用。从该案例来看,村集体提供的是一种组织化的社会化服务,其突出特征是提供服务的过程就是对小农户的组织过程。这种组织化服务有两重实践机制:一是村集体通过对土地的统筹经营来整合土地,并在此过程中组织小农户;二是村集体在调用村民自治资源的基础上,通过化私为公和民主协商的方式来建立村庄内部的公共博弈空间,减少小农户因利益分化而产生的矛盾。本文尝试为讨论村集体在农业社会化服务中可能发挥的作用打开空间。While discussions on thedevelopment of the agricultural contracting service(ACS)industry often focus on specialized ACS providers in the market,this paper explores the role of rural collectives as ACS providers.Drawing on a case study of greenhouse upgrading in a village in Shouguang County,this research examines how a rural collective organization can serve as an ACS provider.Overcoming common obstacles such as conflict of interests resulting from rural social differentiation and inefficient land utilization due to a lack of planning,the rural collective organization provides overall planning services.Through land use right transfer,land adjustment,and land use planning,the collective organization facilitates greenhouse upgrades.Those motivated to upgrade can build new greenhouses within the planning area,while others can continue growing vegetables by exchanging greenhouses with those outside the planning area.This approach improves land use efficiency.The case demonstrates that ACS provided by rural collectives is characterized by organization-based services involving the process of peasant-organizing.It involves dual mechanisms of organizing peasants through land consolidation and creating a public space through mobilizing village resources for self-governance,thereby reducing conflicts of interest among peasants.This paper aims to broaden the discussion on the role of rural collectives in providing ACS.

关 键 词：小农户 组织化 农业社会化服务 土地集体所有制 村集体 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]