基于液态金属固液相变的起竖缸研究  

Erection cylinder based on solid-liquid phase change of liquid metal

作　　者：严松 邓月光 苏政宇 姜毅[1] 王登 YAN Song;DENG Yueguang;SU Zhengyu;JIANG Yi;WANG Deng(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第15期15-22,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划(3010011182123)。

摘　　要：在导弹倾斜发射过程中,常规的液压起竖缸因承受巨大载荷而产生轴向位移,加剧发射装置振动,降低导弹的发射精度和安全性。为此,该文章提出基于液态金属固液相变的起竖缸。该起竖缸利用液态金属的固液相变原理,当金属为液态时,起竖缸可上下自由调节;当金属为固态时,起竖缸锁定,可承受较大载荷。对液态金属起竖缸的研究结果表明:在相同载荷作用下,液态金属起竖缸中活塞杆的位移、缸筒的应力和变形量小于常规液压起竖缸,且载荷越大,差值越大,液态金属起竖缸的承载特性更优;当液态金属起竖缸工作时导弹俯仰角速度减小了9.61 (°)/s,弹箱最小距离增加了80 mm,有效提高了导弹的发射精度和安全性;通过喷水降温,起竖缸内液态金属的凝固时间为45 s;用5 kW加热膜加热,液态金属的熔化时间为75 s。该研究成果对提高导弹的发射精度和安全性具有参考意义。In inclined launching process of a missile,conventional hydraulic erection cylinder undergoes axial displacement due to bearing a huge load to aggravate vibration of launching device,and reduce launching accuracy and safety of missiles.Here,an erection cylinder based on solid-liquid phase change of liquid metal was proposed.It was shown that the erection cylinder can utilize the solid-liquid phase change principle of liquid metal;when metal is liquid,the erection cylinder can be freely adjusted up and down;when metal is solid,the erection cylinder can be locked and withstand large load.The study results of liquid metal erection cylinder showed that under action of the same load,displacement of piston rod as well as stress and deformation of cylinder barrel in liquid metal erection cylinder are smaller than those in conventional hydraulic erection cylinder,the larger the load,the larger the difference values between the two cases,and the better the load-bearing characteristics of liquid metal erection cylinder;when liquid metal erection cylinder is working,missile’s pitch angular velocity decreases by 9.61(°)/s,and the minimum distance of missile box increases by 80 mm to effectively improve missile’s launch accuracy and safety;by cooling with water spray,solidification time of liquid metal in erection cylinder is 45 s;using a 5 kW heating film,melting time of liquid metal is 75 s;the study results have reference significance for improving launch accuracy and safety of missiles.

关 键 词：起竖缸 发射精度 液态金属 相变 承载特性 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]