变间隙磁流变胶泥缓冲器理论研究与试验验证  

Theoretical study and experimental verification of variable gap magnetorheological cement buffers

作　　者：刘驰 付本元 居本祥 段俞洲 王宏 张贤明[2] LIU Chi;FU Benyuan;JU Benxiang;DUAN Yuzhou;WANG Hong;ZHANG Xianming(College of Mechanical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学机械工程学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆工商大学废油资源化技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,重庆400067

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第16期120-128,154,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51905062);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0425;cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0005);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021MD703913);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202201166;KJQN201801128)。

摘　　要：传统磁流变(magnetorheological, MR)缓冲器通常采用等间隙阻尼流道,对于冲击环境下仅靠励磁控制方法实现柔顺耗能极具挑战。针对此问题,提出一种缸筒截面具有锥度特征的磁流变胶泥缓冲器,其阻尼间隙随活塞位移增大而逐渐减小,同时伴随磁感应强度增大,进而提升阻尼力,以期通过结构设计方法补偿冲击环境下缓冲力的衰减。通过建立双坐标系分析了动态磁场与位移、电流之间的关系;采用微分思想将变间隙阻尼通道分为若干微元,基于Herschel-Bulkley (HB)本构模型得到微元阻尼通道的截面流速分布;考虑局部损耗,构建了HB-Minor Losses(HBM)动力学模型,定量分析了各局部损耗因素的影响;进一步分析了位移变化对截面流速、局部损耗压降、总压降的影响。搭建了锤重为93.2 kg的冲击试验平台,并开展了不同冲击速度和电流下缓冲器动力学性能测试。结果显示缓冲器具备良好的可控性,其动态范围高达2.0,最大缓冲力达55 kN。将试验结果与理论模型进行比较,发现HBM模型能够准确预测变间隙磁流变胶泥缓冲器动力学性能。Traditional magnetorheological(MR)buffers usually adopt an equal-gap damping channel,which is very challenging to achieve compliant energy dissipation only by an excitation control method under impact environment.To solve this problem,an MR cement buffer with cone section was proposed in this paper.With the increase of piston displacement,the damping gap gradually decreases and the magnetic induction intensity increases.Then,the damping force was further improved to compensate the damping force attenuation under impact environment through a structural design method.The relationship between dynamic magnetic field and the parameters of displacement and displacement was analyzed by establishing a double-coordinate system.The variable gap damping channel was divided into several microelements by a differential method.Based on the Herschel-Bulkley(HB)constitutive model,the cross-sectional velocity profile of the damping channel was obtained.Considering the influence of minor losses,an HB-minor losses(HBM)dynamic model was constructed.Then,the influence of each minor losses was quantitatively analyzed.The influence of displacement on the section velocity,minor losses pressure drop,and total pressure drop was further analyzed.An impact test platform with a 93.2 kg mass was built,and the dynamic performance of the buffer under different impact velocities and currents was tested.Results show that the buffer has good controllability.Its dynamic range is up to 2.0,and the maximum buffer force is 55 kN.Comparing the test results with the theoretical model,it was found that the HBM model can accurately predict the dynamic performance of the proposed variable gap MR buffer.

关 键 词：磁流变(MR)胶泥缓冲器 变间隙 动态磁场 局部损耗 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3